When constructing software systems from existing components, the engineer is faced with the problem of potential con icts in the interactions among the components. Of particular di culty is guaranteeing compatibility in the dynamic interaction behavior. Using an architectural description of the system and its intended components, the engineer can reason about the interactions early and at a hig...

For multicomponent vesicles, the line tension of domain boundaries and the component-dependent elastic properties (e.g., spontaneous curvatures) are the two most important factors that mediate the budding behaviors of these vesicles. This paper especially focuses on their effects on the budding types and the budding number of a two-component vesicle. We found that the budding number is mainly d...

The handicap principle (Zahavi, 1975, 1987; Zahavi and Zahavi, 1997) is now widely used to explain the evolution of conspicuous signals such as tail ornaments, courtship displays, and nestling begging (Godfray, 1991; Grafen, 1990a,b; Johnston, 1997; Maynard Smith and Harper, 1995). The essence of the model is that signals must be costly to be honest. Females have evolved preferences for males w...

Component-based architectures are widely used in embedded systems. For managing complexity and improving quality separation of concerns is one of the most important principles. For one component, separation of concerns is realized by defining the overall component functionality by separated protocol behaviors. One of the main challenges of applying separation of concerns is the later automatic ...

Patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) suffer from inabilities such as weakness and muscle fatigue due to the demyelination. The inabilities may result in some disorders in walking. The present study is a clinical trial research conducted on 84 participants in two groups of experimental and control who were randomly selected. The results showed that people with MS apply more force on the ground ...

We study the effects of nanoparticles (NPs) on thermotropic nematic liquid crystals (LCs) in relatively dilute NP–LC mixtures. are interested fundamental generic mechanisms that quantitatively and qualitatively affect phase behavior LCs. A simple molecular field analysis shows a transition will likely occur upon entry into ordered phase. Moreover, interaction between nematogenic NPs LCs could f...

Due to the nonlinear nature of the Bang-Bang phase-locked loops (BBPLLs), its transient analysis is very difficult. In this paper, new equations are proposed for expression of transient behavior of the second order BBPLLs to phase step input. This approach gives new insights into the transient behavior of BBPLLs. Approximating transient response to reasonable specific waveform the loop tran...

Retention behavior of molecules mostly depends on their chemical structure. Retention data of biologically active molecules could be an indirect relationship between their structure and biological or pharmacological activity, since the molecular structure affects their behavior in all pharmacokinetic stages. In the present paper, retention parameters (RM0) of biologically active 1,2-O-isopropyl...