Composting is defined as the biological decomposition and stabilization of organic substrates under aerobic conditions to allow the development of thermophilic temperatures. This thermophilic temperature is a result of biologically produced heat. Composting produces the final product which is sufficiently stable for storage and application to land without adverse environmental effects. There ar...

Composting is the major technology in the treatment of animal manure and is a source of nitrous oxide, a greenhouse gas. Although the microbiological processes of both nitrification and denitrification are involved in composting, the key players in these pathways have not been well identified. Recent molecular microbiological methodologies have revealed the presence of dominant Bacillus species...

Established in 1990, the New Milford Farms (NMF) composting facility serves as a low-cost means of disposal for various industrial residues from Nestle USA, a large international food company. The NMF facility takes in organic feedstocks ranging from spent coffee grounds and industrial wastewater sludge to leaves and brush from nearby residents, and combines them to create fertilizing compost u...

Landfill leachates, which are potential pollutants, may also carry significant amounts of nutrients that can be recycled by plants. We assessed the nutritional status and yield of wheat ( L.) and properties of a Rhodic Kandiudult soil (depths of 0-10, 10-20, 20-40, and 40-60 cm) after 11 applications of landfill leachate over 4 yr. In the last application, wheat received 0, 32.7, 65.4, 98.1, or...

Landfills receiving a mix of waste, including organics, have developed dramatically over the last 3-4 decades; from open dumps to engineered facilities with extensive controls on leachate and gas. The conventional municipal landfill will in most climates produce a highly contaminated leachate and a significant amount of landfill gas. Leachate controls may include bottom liners and leachate coll...

The biodegradability of leachate from the land treatment of hydrocarboncontaminated soil was investigated in the laboratory using respirometry and toxicity test­ ing in combination with total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) measurements. Soil in land treatment units (LTU) had been contaminated with a diesellike hydrocarbon mixture formerly used as a diluent for crude oil at an oil field in Californ...

The challenging problems faced by the tannery based countries are the safe disposal of the sludge generated by the effluent treatment plants. In this work, the disposal of the sludge at various generation points such as beam house (BHS) and after tertiary treatment process (TS) is studied. The FT-IR of the beam house sludge confirmed the presence of organic matter at 2880.31cm -1 and calcined p...

The leachate of a municipal waste landfill was tested for estrogenic activity using a reporter-gene-based bioassay with a human breast-cancer-derived cell line (MVLN cells). The leachate was processed with two different membrane-employing processes operating in parallel. One process consists of aerobic biological degradation, ultrafiltration, and subsequent adsorption to activated carbon. The s...

Environmental problems associated with sewage sludge disposal have prompted strict legislative actions over the past few years. At the same time, the upgrading and expansion of wastewater treatment plants have greatly increased the volume of sludge generated. The major limitation of land application of sewage sludge compost is the potential for high heavy metal content in relation to the metal ...

Waste is a product of human activity in the form residual and unwanted existence. Utilization leachate as bio activator an alternative to utilizing from waste piles into something useful for processing organic compost. The study aimed determine whether or not there was significant difference growth rate composted tomato plants with compost without activator. research method used semi-quasi-expe...