We consider optimal control problems for the flow of gas or fresh water in pipe networks as well as drainage or sewer systems in open canals. The equations of motion are taken to be represented by the nonlinear isothermal Euler gas equations, the water hammer equations, or the St. Venant equations for flow. We formulate model hierarchies and derive an abstract model for such network flow proble...

A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model was developed to analyze the open-channel flow in a new set of egg-shaped pipes for small combined sewer systems. The egg-shaped cross-section was selected after studying several geometries under different flow conditions. Once the egg-shaped cross-section was defined, a real-scale physical model was built and a series of partial-full flow experiments ...

Within the twin city of Hubli-Dharwad approximately 60 million l of wastewater is generated every day: this flows, untreated, from sewers and wastewater nallas (open drains) into the natural watercourses that flow into the city’s hinterland (Hunshal et al. 1997). In the semi-arid climate, where the summer temperatures exceed 35 degrees centigrade and the monsoon rains are erratic and unreliable...

At the present time, water and sewer pipe networks are predominantly inspected manually. In near future, smart cities will perform intelligent autonomous monitoring of buried networks, using teams small robots. These robots, equipped with all necessary computational facilities sensors (optical, acoustic, inertial, thermal, pressure others) be able to inspect pipes whilst navigating, self-locali...

When it comes time for engineers and decision makers to select the proper construction method for installing, replacing or rehabilitating pipelines and manholes the choices can be overwhelming. There are more than 80 methods to choose from when trying to determine what action to take which can make a young engineers decision seem impossible. The time it would take to research all available alte...

This paper examines the effect of water-borne lead exposure on infant mortality in American cities over the period 1900-1920. Infants are highly sensitive to lead, and more broadly are a marker for current environmental conditions. The effects of lead on infant mortality are identified by variation across cities in water acidity and the types of service pipes that the water ran through – lead, ...

More frequent and thorough inspection of sewer pipes has the potential to save billions in utilities. However, amount quality are impeded by an imprecise highly subjective manual process. It involves technicians judging stretches based on video from remote-controlled robots. Determining state these videos entails a great deal ambiguity. Furthermore, frequency with which different defects occur ...