ABSTRAGT Background/aims This paper will compare the visual outcomes of two dffierent penetrating keratoplasty (PKPI techniques in patients with keratoconus. lt is a retrospective comparative surgical case series of 116 keratoconus patients {137 eyes} who had PKP at the Cornea Eye Institute, Bevedy Hills, California, USA. Methods 56 keratoconus patients (66 eyesl underwent femtosecond laser-ena...

Presbyopia is the most common refractive error in patients older than 40 years. The loss of accommodation results in difficulty with near vision. Surgical means to correct this accommodative deficiency include scleral expansion band and anterior ciliary sclerotomy, which enhances the movement of the ciliary body. Monovision in which the non-dominant eye is left with some myopia for near vision ...

The term irregular astigmatism is often applied to a distorted corneal topography, whereby two major meridians may not even be easily identified; in simple terms, it can be defined as an “unrefractable” eye. As a consequence, visual function can be severely affected. Conventional treatments are often insufficient and/or unsatisfactory. Spectacles may lead to intolerable aniseikonia, and contact...