A “confidential monetary value” carries information about the real value but does not disclose it. Post-quantum private blockchains with confidential values—large-sized large verification times—have least scalability because they need to save and verify more than those “plain-text values”. High is an essential security requirement for decentralized blockchain payment systems honest peers who ca...

Obstetrician–gynecologists should recognize that being a defendant in a medical professional liability lawsuit can be one of life's most stressful experiences. Negative emotions in response to a lawsuit are normal, and physicians may need help from family members, peers, or professionals to cope with this stress. Open communication will assist in reducing emotional isolation and self-blame. How...