6. Mitty RD, Wolfe GR, Cosman M. Initial description of gastric melanosis in a laxative-abusing patient. Am J Gastro. 1997;92:707--8. 7. Lin HJ, Tsay SH, Chiang H. Pseudomelanosis duodeni. Case report and review of literature. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1988;10:155--9. 8. Alberti JE, Bodor J, Torres AD. Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus associated with melanosis of the esophagus and stomac...

Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia is a cause of persistent hypoglycaemia in the neonatal and infancy periods. Prompt recognition and management of patients with hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia are essential, if brain damage and long-term neurological sequelae are to be avoided. Hyperinsulinaemic hypoglycaemia can be transient, prolonged, or persistent (congenital). Advances in the fields of molec...

This is a rare renal disease characterised by steroidresistant nephrotic syndrome in the first years of life with rapid progression to end-stage renal failure. Its occurrence is usually sporadic, and it has been associated with a mutation in the Wilms tumour (WT1) suppressor gene. Recently new gene defects causing isolated diffuse mesangial sclerosis, such as LAMB2 and PLCE1 mutations, have bee...

A 58-year-old man with a history of hemorrhoidectomy and chronic constipation presented for routine surveillance colonoscopy. He took an over-the-counter herbal laxative containing senna for constipation. The rectal mucosa showed a brownish discoloration in a moire pattern, characteristic of melanosis coli. Advancing beyond the rectum, the full circumference of colonic mucosa turned jet black i...

esophageal melanocytosis is a rare and benign condition, characterized by melanocytic proliferation of the esophageal squamous epithelium with heavy melanin deposition. the etiology and pathogenesis has not been exactly known but it seems to be a chronic stimulus such as gastroesophageal reflux. this condition is very rare and about 35 cases have been reported so far, most of which have been fr...

An interesting example of extradermal deposition of melanin in vertebrates, notably in mammals, is splenic melanosis. In particular, if the phenomenon of splenic melanosis is correlated with hair or skin pigmentation, it must reflect the amount and perhaps the quality of pigment produced in hair follicle melanocytes. The present paper is our first study on splenic pigmentation in mice of phenot...