brucellosis is a zoonotic disease transmitted to humans either from animals or from their products.although brucellosis can be found worldwide, the mediterranean basin, south and central america, easterneurope, asia, africa, the caribbean, and the middle east have currently been listed as high-risk regions. thegenus brucella is classified in at least nine species. brucella melitensis is the glo...

Mouse-virulent Salmonella typhimurium strains SR-11 and ATCC 14028-1s express curli fibers, thin aggregative fibers, at ambient temperature on plates as judged by Western blot analysis and electron microscopy. Concomitantly with curli expression, cells develop a rough and dry colony morphology and bind the dye Congo red (called the rdar morphotype). Cloning and characterization of the two diver...

lin-26, which encodes a unique Zn-finger protein, is required for differentiation of nonneuronal ectodermal cells in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here, we show that the two genes located immediately upstream of lin-26 encode LIN-26-like Zn-finger proteins; hence their names are lir-1 and lir-2 (lin-26 related). lir-2, lir-1, and lin-26 generate several isoforms by alternative splicing and/or trans-s...

Background and Aims: DNA cloning, sub-cloning and site directed mutagenesis are the most common strategies in nearly all projects of recombinant protein production. The classical method of restriction site cloning is unsatisfactory due to the need for supply of restriction enzymes and the inefficiency of the digestion reaction. Many new methods, including recombinatorial cloning and ligation in...

We sequenced small (s) RNAs from field collected honeybees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombuspascuorum) using the Illumina technology. The sRNA reads were assembled and resulting contigs were used to search for virus homologues in GenBank. Matches with Varroadestructor virus-1 (VDV1) and Deformed wing virus (DWV) genomic sequences were obtained for A. mellifera but not B. pascuorum. Furthe...

The remarkable conservation of the primary structures and anatomical location of dogfish α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP) and adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) compared with mammals reinforced the tissue-specific processing hypothesis of ACTH peptides in the pituitary gland. The cloning of dogfish pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) led to t...

At present, more than 50,000 plant species are used in phytotherapy and medicine. About 2/3 of them are harvested from nature leading to local extinction of many species or degradation of their habitats. Biotechnological methods offer possibilities not only for faster cloning and conservation of the genotype of the plants but for modification of their gene information, regulation, and expressio...

BACKGROUND The cellular environment exposes DNA to a wide variety of endogenous and exogenous reactive species that can damage DNA, thereby leading to genetic mutations. DNA glycosylases protect the integrity of the genome by catalyzing the first step in the base excision-repair of lesions in DNA. RESULTS Here, we report a strategy to conduct genome-wide screening for expressed DNA glycosylas...

Although the biological function of fruiting is the production and dissemination of seeds, humans have developed seedless fruits in a number of plant species to facilitate consumption. Here we describe a unique spontaneous seedless mutant (Thai seedless; Ts) of Annona squamosa (sugar apple), a member of the early-divergent magnoliid angiosperm clade. Ovules (seed precursors) of the mutant lack ...

Abstract Background Sea turtles, which are globally endangered species, have been stranded and found as bycatch on the Korean shore recently. More studies sea turtles in Korea necessary to aid their conservation. To investigate spatio-temporal occurrence patterns of shore, we recorded sampling locations dates, identified species sexes measured sizes (maximum curved carapace length; CCL) collect...