I calculate the hydrodynamic limit of the BGK approximation of the Boltzmann equation for the case of a long stress relaxation time and find that the stress obeys a viscoelastic constitutive equation. The constitutive equation is different from standard constitutive equations used for polymeric liquids in that it is not “objective” because inertial effects are important. I calculate the exact s...

3 Constitutive equations 18 3.1 Phenomenological constitutive equations . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 3.2 Curie Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 3.3 Onsager relations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 3.4 Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 3.5 Minimum Entropy production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

We have suggested the existence of a novel "constitutive-like" secretory pathway in pancreatic islets, which preferentially conveys a fraction of newly synthesized C-peptide, insulin, and proinsulin, and is related to the presence of immature secretory granules (IGs). Regulated exocytosis of IGs results in an equimolar secretion of C-peptide and insulin; however an assay of the constitutive-lik...

Elevated levels of both fibrinogen and cholesterol are risk factors in coronary artery disease. Previously we reported a metabolic link between fibrinogen and lipid metabolism in that HepG2 cells that were programmed by transfection of Bbeta-fibrinogen cDNA to overexpress fibrinogen exhibited increased synthesis of cholesterol and increased secretion of apolipoprotein B. In this study we demons...

High suain rate tests have been carried out at both room temperature and 100°C on a Ti6A14V alloy using the torsional split Hopkinson pressure bar. An infrared radiometer has been developed to measure the surface temperature of the specimen during the high speed torsional test. Data have been obtained on the variation of stress with strain and strain rate at shear strain rates from 0.0007s" to ...

We consider a class of differential models of viscoelastic fluids with diffusive stress. These constitutive models are motivated by Peterlin dumbbell theories with a nonlinear spring law for an infinitely extensible spring. A diffusion term is included in the constitutive model. Under appropriate assumptions on the nonlinear constitutive functions, we prove global existence of weak solutions fo...

Background: Constitutive activity is central to G protein-coupled receptor signaling still the mechanisms underlying it are unknown. Results: the ghrelin receptor monomer reconstituted in a lipid disc activates Gq without agonist and recruits arrestin in a liganddependent manner. Conclusion: high constitutive activity is an intrinsic property of the ghrelin receptor. Significance: this is the f...

Proteins that make, consume, and bind to phosphoinositides are important for constitutive membrane traffic. Different phosphoinositides are concentrated in different parts of the central vacuolar pathway, with phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate predominate on Golgi, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate predominate at the plasma membrane, phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate the major phosphoinositid...