We introduce and study a tactic language, Hitac, for constructing hierarchical proofs, known as hiproofs. The idea of hiproofs is to superimpose a labelled hierarchical nesting on an ordinary proof tree. The labels and nesting are used to describe the organisation of the proof, typically relating to its construction process. This can be useful for understanding and navigating the proof. Tactics...

OBJECTIVES Modify the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK) for 'fear of passive motion' beliefs. METHODS With permission, a 14-item modification, the TSK-PM (passive movement), was created. Test-retest reliability was tested first. Construct validity was tested in chronic whiplash patients by comparing the TSK-PM with the TSK, the Neck Disability Index (NDI) and cervical ranges of motion. RE...

OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the the Chinese version of the Oral Health Impact Profile for TMDs (OHIP-TMDs-C). STUDY DESIGN The OHIP-TMDs was initially translated and cross-culturally adapted to Chinese following international guidelines; then subsequently validated for the psychometric characteristics of reliability and validity. In total, ...

BACKGROUND The aim of the study was to validate the Norwegian version of a self-administered 43-item questionnaire designed to assess quality of life in kidney transplant recipients, the End-Stage Renal Disease Symptom Checklist--Transplantation Module (ESRD-SCL). METHODS In total, 53 kidney transplant recipients from one university-affiliated hospital responded to a questionnaire including t...

PURPOSE The problems of mood disorders are critical in people with epilepsy. Therefore, there is a need to validate a useful tool for the population. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) has been used on the population, and showed that it is a satisfactory screening tool. However, more evidence on its construct validity is needed. METHOD A total of 1041 people with epilepsy were r...

INTRODUCTION The incidence and prevalence of mental problems among older people are difficult to map because the causes are often complex and the symptoms manifest in a range of ways. Therefore, there is a need for robust and useful instruments for screening mental problems in this group. One instrument used in Norway and around the world is the 30-item version of the General Health Questionnai...

OBJECTIVE To investigate the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the Questionnaire Rising and Sitting Down (QR&S), a patient-reported measure of activity limitations in rising and sitting down, in lower-limb amputees. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Outpatient department of a rehabilitation center. PARTICIPANTS Lower-limb amputees (N=171; mean age ± SD, 65±12y; 71% men...

objective: in this study, psychometric qualities of multidimensional perfectionism scale (mps) were evaluated. methods: persian version of perfectionism inventory was completed by 48 adults (24 females and 24 males). the sample was selected by cluster random sampling from sarcheshmeh adult inhabitants. reliability of the scale was assessed by calculating cronbach's alpha coefficient. then ...

AIMS To describe the validation and reliability of a new pain tool (the Alder Hey Triage Pain Score, AHTPS) for children at triage in the accident and emergency (A&E) setting. METHODS A new behavioural observational pain tool was developed because of dissatisfaction with available tools and a lack of confidence in self-assessment scores at triage. The study was conducted in a large paediatric...