It is a great honor to have this opportunity to speak to you today about Japan's current monetary policy. With the aim of achieving its 2 percent price stability target, the Bank of Japan (hereafter the Bank) adopted quantitative and qualitative monetary easing (QQE) in April 2013. QQE was expanded further in October 2014. This was because of the potential risk that a decline in the consumer pr...

The purpose of this studyis to determine if consumer attitudes, confidence and awareness prices influence purchasing decisions at KebabQue Sepanjang. survey used questionnaires collect data, the population MSME is not yet known. sample taken using Lameshow formula result 96, rounded up 100. method in study accidental sampling. results show that attitudes have a significant impact on purchase de...

We establish five facts about prices in the U.S. economy: 1) The median implied duration of consumer prices when sales are excluded at the product level is between 8 and 11 months. The median implied duration of finished goods producer prices is 8.7 months. 2) One-third of regular price changes are price decreases. 3) The frequency of price increases responds strongly to inflation while the fre...

Price and Income Elasticities Estimated From BLS Consumer Expenditure Surveys and ACCRA Price Data Lester D. Taylor University of Arizona* This paper represents a low-key effort to estimate both price and income elasticities for several broad categories of expenditure from cross-sectional data sets that combine price information collected by ACCRA with the BLS Consumer Expenditure Surveys. Sixt...

In many storable-goods markets, firms are often aware that consumers may strategically adjust purchase timing in response to expected price dynamics. For example, in periods when prices are low, consumers stockpile for future consumption. This paper investigates the dynamic impact of consumer stockpiling on competing firms’ strategic pricing decisions in differentiated markets. The necessity of...

While some researchers report significant benefits resulting from investments in technology, others report no measurable impact whatsoever. Economists suggest this inconclusiveness may be a result of inadequacy of the metrics. In particular, conflicting findings are often related to the inherent difficulty in defining and measuring value. These debates are riddled with theoretical and philosoph...