Formally capturing the transition from a continuous model to a discrete model is investigated using model based refinement techniques. A very simple model for stopping (eg. of a train) is developed in both the continuous and discrete domains. The difference between the two is quantified using generic results from ODE theory, and these estimates can be compared with the exact solutions. Such res...

A mixed-signal continuous time behavioral model of a continuous time delta-sigma modulator (CT ∆Σ) is presented. CT ∆Σ modulators, by their nature, are mixed-signal systems. That fact creates a discontinuity in the traditional IC design flow which assumes that “discrete” and “continuous” time domain designs require separate design tools. In this work, we present a top level behavioral CT ∆Σ mod...

Continuous Flash Suppression (CFS) is a technique in which a stationary image in one eye can be reliably suppressed by rapid presentation of different flashing images in the other. In this paper we address why flashing stimuli modulate the visibility of the stimuli. We determine, in particular, which type of neural network is sufficient for the modulation of the dominance duration, assuming tha...

This paper presents a novel approach to tone recognition in continuous Cantonese speech based on overlapped di-tone Gaussian mixture models (ODGMM). The ODGMM is designed with special consideration on the fact that Cantonese tone identification relies more on the relative pitch level than on the pitch contour. A di-tone unit covers a group of two consecutive tone occurrences. The tone sequence ...

Modeling and simulation have experienced an amazing development since its beginning in the 1920s. At that time, the technology was available only at a handful of university groups. Today it is available on the desk of all engineer who needs it. The paper presents the current status of modeling and simulation. It draws on the historical perspective to explain how the field has developed. Particu...

In this paper, we present a formal approach to modeling continuous system dynamics in SysML using differential algebraic equations (DAE’s). To support model-based design, the Object Management Group has recently developed the Systems Modeling Language (OMG SysMLTM). The language is well-suited for modeling many different aspects of largescale, multidisciplinary engineering projects. It allows s...

In this paper, we present an application of the stochastic calculusto the problem of modeling electrical networks. The filtering problem have animportant role in the theory of stochastic differential equations(SDEs). In thisarticle, we present an application of the continuous Kalman-Bucy filter for a RLcircuit. The deterministic model of the circuit is replaced by a stochastic model byadding a ...

The pupose of this paper is modeling of Partial Digest Problem (PDP) as a mathematical programming problem. In this paper we present a new viewpoint of PDP. We formulate the PDP as a continuous optimization problem and develope a method to solve this problem. Finally we constract a linear programming model for the problem with an additional constraint. This later model can be solved by the simp...

The rate of oxygen transfer from the gas phase to liquid is a critical process parameter for biocatalytic oxidations due poor water solubility molecular and low affinity many relevant enzymes, such as oxidases. In gas–liquid systems, mechanical mixing can be used increase interfacial area available mass thereby volumetric coefficient (kLa). As such, operation these reactions in continuous stirr...

the morphology of retinal photoreceptor layer was studied in continuous light-exposed and dark-adapteddomestic male cats (felis catus). the eyes of 12 healthy adult cats (4 in continuous light-exposed group, 4 in continuous dark-adapted group, and 4 in control group) were routinely fixed and studied by electron microscope. results showed that the general structure of photoreceptor layer in this...