This study investigates the effects of learning progress assessment (LPA) combined with student-set goals on students’ reading achievement, reading motivation, and reading self-concept in fourth grade. Classes (n1⁄4 41) were assigned to either an LPA group with goal setting (LPA-G), an LPA group only (LPA), or a control group (CG). Students of both LPA groups completed eight LPA tests over a pe...

Deviances in early event-related potential (ERP) components reflecting auditory and phonological processing are well-documented in children at familial risk for dyslexia. However, little is known about brain responses which index processing in other linguistic domains such as lexicon, semantics and syntax in this group. The present study investigated effects of lexical-semantic priming in 20- a...

PURPOSE This study evaluated the effects of a classroom-based physical activity program on children's in-school physical activity levels and on-task behavior during academic instruction. METHODS Physical activity of 243 students was assessed during school hours. Intervention-group students (N = 135) received a classroom-based program (i.e., Energizers). The control group (N = 108) did not rec...

[Purpose] We investigated how diaphragm respiration exercises can affect pulmonary function in long-term male smokers in their twenties. [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-eight healthy males between 20 and 29 years of age were randomly divided into an experimental and a control group (14 members each). The experiment was conducted during 30 min sessions, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The experimental...

There is growing evidence that maternal experience influences offspring via non-genetic mechanisms. When female three-spined sticklebacks (Gasterosteus aculeatus) were exposed to the threat of predation, they produced larger eggs with higher cortisol content, which consumed more oxygen shortly after fertilization compared with a control group. As juveniles, the offspring of predator-exposed mot...

Several studies have shown that a multisession experiential expectancy challenge successfully reduces positive alcohol expectancies and alcohol use in heavy drinking young men, but this has not been shown for heavy drinking young women. Main aim of this study was to test the effect of a multisession expectancy challenge in mixed gender groups of young heavy drinkers. Twenty-five (11 males) heav...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate short-term and long-term skeletodental outcomes of Class III activator treatment. METHODS A Class III activator treatment group (AG) comprised of 22 patients (9 boys, 13 girls) was compared with a Class III control group (CG) comprised of 17 patients (6 boys, 11 girls). The total treatment period was divided into three stage...

BACKGROUND physical therapy interventions that increase functional strength and balance have been shown to reduce falls in older adults. AIM this study compared a virtual reality group (VRG) and a control group (CG). DESIGN randomised controlled 6-week intervention with pre- and post-test evaluations. SETTING outpatient geriatric orthopaedic and balance physical therapy clinic. POPULATI...

Cognitive biases such as causal illusions have been related to paranormal and pseudoscientific beliefs and, thus, pose a real threat to the development of adequate critical thinking abilities. We aimed to reduce causal illusions in undergraduates by means of an educational intervention combining training-in-bias and training-in-rules techniques. First, participants directly experienced situatio...

稲葉 次郎,西 村義一,市 川竜資:放 射線医学総合研究所 環境衛生研究部 千葉市 穴川4-9-1,〒260 Co-60 metabolism/Seaweed cobalt/Rat The objective of this study is to compare whole-body retention in the rat of radiocobalt incorporated into a marine green alga with that of 60Co in inorganic form. Ulva pertusa was incubated in aerated seawater containing 60Co under fluorescent lamp for 7 days. The radio active seaweed was homogenated and...