A plasma that is confined in a closed field line geometry such as a levitated dipole may be subject to the formation of convective cells. Using a “Drift” fluid model we show that such flow patterns can represent an appropriate equilibrium in a dipole field that contains a plasma with a non-axisymmetric pressure profile. This can provide a means of fueling and heating a dipole confinement device...

This paper examines the method to simulate heat balances on building and urban surfaces by combining the 3D CAD-based thermal environment simulator with 3D steady RANS CFD simulations. The simulation results of the distribution of convective heat transfer coefficient in an urban canyon model are compared with that of a wind tunnel experiment. The effects of building geometries, including verand...

s of papers 21 As the linear relationships between Tb and the respiratory parameters were unaltered by air movement it is proposed that the beneficial effects of this forced ventilation regime are through direct convective cooling and a reduction in deep body temperature. Convective cooling thus reduces the requirement for respiratory evaporation and therefore improves water conservation in add...

We study low frequency waves that propagate in a region of layered semi-convection. Layered semi-convection is predicted to be present in stellar and planetary interiors and can significantly modify the rate of thermal and compositional mixing. We derive a series of analytical dispersion relations for plane-parallel layered semi-convection in the Boussinesq approximation using a matrix transfer...

Stratospheric heating, condensation, convective transport of non-equilibrium species, and deep radiative energy transport are important processes in the atmospheres of the solar jovian planets. They likely affect the atmospheres of extrasolar giant planets and brown dwarfs as well. Stratospheric temperatures control thermal fluxes in strong molecular bands, and may dramatically affect observed ...

for the first time lactic acid was applied as an efficient and green catalyst for the one-pot three-component synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols via the condensation between arylaldehydes, 2-naphthol and amides or urea under thermal solvent-free conditions in good to excellent yields. we have demonestrated a mild and efficient eco-friendly tandem synthesis of amidoalkyl naphthols using lactic ac...

We use a femtosecond pump-probe Z-scan technique to measure the thermal lens (TL) signal in a homologous series of primary alcohols. The trend in these experimentally measured TL signals deviates in a counterintuitive manner from the ones calculated using theoretical models that are only based on the macroscopic parameters. Introspection shows that the present TL theories are based on heat cond...

This paper presents a discussion of the thermal behaviour of personal conditioning garments both in theory and practice, A general equation, which is developed for the case of the convective air ventilated suit supplied with cccl sir, is modified for the cases of the water conditioned suit, and the air ventilated suit with wrm dry air supplies. Results of past experiments at the Institute of Av...

Solar pond is a device which entraps the impinging solar radiation and stores it as thermal energy in its salty layers. Simple salt gradient solar pond consists of three basic layers: lower convective zone, non-convective zone and last is upper convective zone. In present study a simple working experimental setup of salt gradient solar pond was fabricated equipped with thermo siphon heat exchan...

The atmospheric boundary layer height was derived at two locations in the city of Lanzhou (China) and its suburb rural area Yuzhong. The aerosol backscatter lidar measurements were analysed using a wavelet technology and the parcel method was applied to profiling microwave radiometer observations. For a few occasions the average boundary layer height and entrainment zone thickness was derived i...