Different from conventional streamwise-aligned riblets, converging and diverging (C–D) riblets are arranged obliquely along the main-flow direction, intending to induce a large-scale secondary flow that modulates or controls existing vortical structures in wall turbulence. In this study, we perform direct numerical simulations of turbulent over C–D at low Reynolds number investigate impacts on ...

Retroillumination is performed at the slit-lamp with the binocular microscope focused upon the object which is illuminated from behind by the slit-lamp beam reflected off some structure posterior to the object (Vogt, I930). Objects in the cornea and lens are observed in this way and the reflectors used are the iris, the lens, or the fundus. The use of the ophthalmoscope for retroillumination of...

Global warming has greatly stimulated vegetation growth through both extending the growing season and promoting photosynthesis in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). Analyzing the combined dynamics of such trends can potentially improve our current understanding on changes in vegetation functioning and the complex relationship between anthropogenic and climatic drivers. This study aims to analyze the...

Self-similar solutions to converging (implosions) and diverging (explosions) shocks have been studied before, in planar, cylindrical, or spherical symmetry. Here, we offer a unified treatment of these apparently disconnected problems. We study the flow an ideal gas with adiabatic index ? initial density ? ? r ? ?, containing strong shock wave. characterize self-similar entirety parameter space ...