We represent an environmentally friendly sample of pre-treatment method, ultrasound assisted emulsification microextraction (USAEME) followed by gas chromatography nitrogen phosphorous detector (GC-NPD), to specify atrazine residues in environmental samples. Some parameters affecting the extraction efficiency such as the type and volume of the extraction solvent, emulsification time and additio...

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess studies which have investigated cooling methodologies, their timing and effects, on endurance exercise performance in trained athletes (Category 3; VO2max ≥ 55 mL·kg·min−1) in hot environmental conditions (≥28 ◦C). Meta-analyses were performed to quantify the effects of timings and methods of application, with a narrative review of the ev...

OBJECTIVE During partial nephrectomy, renal hypothermia has been shown to decrease ischemia induced renal damage which occurs from renal hilar clamping. In this study we investigate the infusion rate required to safely cool the entire renal unit in a porcine model using retrograde irrigation of iced saline via dual-lumen ureteral catheter. MATERIALS AND METHODS Renal cortical, renal medullary...

In the present study, antifouling booster biocides, irgarol 1051 and diuron, were measured in seawater and sediments in ports and marinas of Bushehr, Iran. To the best of our knowledge, in the Persian Gulf there is no any record about analysis of these compounds in coastal waters, however there are considerable amount of information about the concentration of antifouling booster biocides in Eur...

Phthalate esters are endocrine disrupters or mutagens. They are widely used as plasticizers and can be usually found in environmental samples, such as food, soil and polluted air. However, it is difficult to directly determine phthalate esters owing to their relatively low concentration and complex matrices. Therefore, preconcentration and separation have become increasingly important. In recen...

In this study, an analytical methodology based on a combination of dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with laser-induced breakdown spectrometry was evaluated for simultaneous pre-concentration, speciation and detection of Cr. The microextraction procedure was based on the injection of appropriated quantities of 1-undecanol and ethanol into a sample solution containing the complexes formed...

To minimize the total energy consumption of a cooling tower-assisted heat pump (CTAHP) system in cooling mode, a model-based control strategy with hybrid optimization algorithm for the system is presented in this paper. An existing experimental device, which mainly contains a closed wet cooling tower with counter flow construction, a condenser water loop and a water-to-water heat pump unit, is ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dynamics of cryogen spray deposition, water condensation and frost formation is studied in relationship to cooling rate and efficiency of cryogen spray cooling (CSC) in combination with laser dermatologic surgery. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS A high-speed video camera was used to image the surface of human skin during and after CSC using a commercial device. The...