Background and Objective: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic obstructive and irreversible disease which has a high mortality and morbidity rate. Systemic inflammation and the thrombotic process can influence the prognosis of these patients. The objectives of this study were to evaluate prognostic effects of CBC indices (WBC, PMN, MPV, RDW), forced expiratory volume-one se...

Definitions, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Staging Definitions Epidemiology of COPD Risk Factors for COPD The Natural History of COPD Pathology and Structural Effects Clinical Features of COPD Laboratory Findings and Diagnostic Tests Prognosis Staging: Prospects and Proposal Comprehensive Outpatient Management of COPD Smoking Cessation Pharmacologic Therapy Long-term Oxygen Ther...

OBJECTIVE To assess the frequency of comorbidities in subjects with COPD and their association with respiratory symptom severity and COPD exacerbations. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an analysis of the BREATHE study, a cross-sectional survey of COPD conducted in the general population of eleven countries in the Middle East and North Africa, including Pakistan. The study population consisted ...

Definitions, Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Staging Definitions Epidemiology of COPD Risk Factors for COPD The Natural History of COPD Pathology and Structural Effects Clinical Features of COPD Laboratory Findings and Diagnostic Tests Prognosis Staging: Prospects and Proposal Comprehensive Outpatient Management of COPD Smoking Cessation Pharmacologic Therapy Long-term Oxygen Ther...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with a significant economic burden and one of the most prevalent diseases in world. This systematic literature review aimed to present recent moderate severe COPD, focusing on triple therapy The key biomedical databases MEDLINE, Embase EconLit, were searched for this from 2016 January 2021. A total 3266 records retrieved database search...

Executive Summary Introduction Methods Committee Process Literature Search Evidence Synthesis and Evaluation Growth, Plateau, and Decline of Pulmonary Function: Implications for COPD Smoking and Population-attributable Risk for COPD Nonsmoking Risk Factors for COPD Genetic Factors and the Risk of COPD Long-standing Asthma and the Risk of COPD Outdoor Air Pollution (from Traffic and Other Source...