BACKGROUND: The pre-transplant period is complex and includes lots of procedures. The severity of liver disease predisposes to a high number of hospitalizations and high costs procedures. Economic evaluation studies are important tools to handle costs on the waiting list for liver transplantation. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the total cost of the patient on ...

Why is corruption so resilient? While many recent papers examine interventions seeking to discipline bureaucrats, less is known about the citizen side of corruption. This randomized controlled trial is designed to explore three components of citizen supply of bribes in the context of roadway tolls in Kananga, D.R. Congo: individual financial cost, perceived social cost, and social norms. We off...

OBJECT United States healthcare reforms are focused on curtailing rising expenditures. In neurosurgical domain, limited or no data exists identifying potential modifiable targets associated with high-hospitalization cost for cerebrovascular procedures such as extracranial-intracranial (ECIC) bypass. Our study objective was to develop a predictive model of initial cost for patients undergoing by...

Background: Taxi drivers have the most important role in the public transport services. They are exposed to various harmful agents and occupational hazards. Noise is a harmful occupational factors and hearing loss is its most important effect. Protection of drivers against hearing loss is essential. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of hearing loss among taxi and agency drive...

Empirical validity of the claim that overhead costs are driven not by production volume but by transactions resulting from production complexity is examined using data from 32 manufacturing plants from the electronics, machinery, and automobile components industries. Transactions are measured using number of engineering change orders, number of purchasing and production planning personnel, shop...

conclusions willingness to pay can be affected by experiencing an accident, the distance of the daily trip, and helmet use. the cost of traffic injuries among motorcyclists shows that this rate is much higher than the global average. thus, expenditure should be made on effective initiatives such as the safety of motorcyclists. results the mean wtp was 888,110 irr (iranian rial) among motorcycli...

PURPOSE To estimate the economic cost of myopia among adults aged 40 years and older in Singapore. METHODS A substudy of 113 Singaporean adults aged 40 years and older with myopia (spherical equivalent refraction of at least -0.5 diopters) in the population-based ancillary study of Singapore Chinese Eye Study (SCES) was conducted. A health expenditure questionnaire was used to assess the dire...

To estimate the corrective software maintenanceeffort, we must know the factors that have the strongestinfluence on the effort of corrective maintenance activities.In this study, we have analyzed activities and effort ofcorrecting 810 software defects in one Norwegian softwarecompany and 688 software defects in another. We comparedthe defect profiles according to the def...