OBJECTIVE Understanding the costs of influenza-associated illness in Bangladesh may help health authorities assess the cost-effectiveness of influenza prevention programs. We estimated the annual economic burden of influenza-associated hospitalizations and outpatient visits in Bangladesh. DESIGN From May through October 2010, investigators identified both outpatients and inpatients at four te...

BACKGROUND Jointly with deaths, loss of quality of life and pain of patients and families, there are complementary indicators that help to reveal the social impact caused by illnesses and accidents. In the analysis, loss of labour productivity due to premature mortality in 2005 is estimated. The aim of this work is to estimate a part of the non health care costs caused by illnesses and accident...

The use of antibiotics to treat infection can be miraculously beneficial or foolish and wasteful. Antibiotics save lives when used to treat endocarditis, meningitis and pneumonia, and restore health and prevent complications in many other infections (Figure 1). However, antibiotics provide no benefit for the common cold and in some other common respiratory tract infections their risk of adverse...

Surveillance was enhanced and a retrospective interview study performed in 1998-99 to determine incidence, causes, and costs of foodborne illnesses in Uppsala, Sweden. Sixty-eight percent of the detected foodborne illness incidents were single cases, and 32% were outbreaks. Most (85%) of the incidents came to the attention of the municipal authorities through telephone calls from affected perso...

Shiga toxin-producing Escheria coli (STEC) strains are virulent agents responsible for thousands of illnesses in the United States [1]. The most common and notorious STEC serotype is O157:H7 but other serotypes, like O104:H4 responsible for May 2011 HUS outbreak in Germany [2], are responsible for one third of STEC related illness. Beginning on June of 2012 the U.S. Department of Agriculture st...

OBJECTIVE No comprehensive national system tracking work-related diseases and injuries exists in the United States. Industry and occupation (I/O) are the missing data elements that would make existing healthcare data useful for occupational health. The authors previously petitioned the National Uniform Billing Committee (NUBC) to adopt I/O standards for states to consider during their healthcar...

Tanzania was one of the countries included in a Multi Country Evaluation (MCE) of Integrated Management of Childhood Illnesses (IMCI), coordinated by WHO in 1999-2002. The MCE found that IMCI improved of care for children under 5 years of age, reduced child mortality by 13% and was cost-effective at al, 2004). However, a decade after the introduction of IMCI in Tanzania, training of health work...

Although the United States food supply is generally considered one of the safest in the world, foodborne illnesses remain a concern. Each year, millions of Americans become ill and as many as 5000 die from foodborne infections. The United States Department of Agriculture estimates that medical treatment and productivity losses associated with foodborne illnesses cost as much as $37 billion annu...

quality of life measures can provide an important source of medical information for promoting the health status of chronically ill patients. the purpose of the present study was to evaluate health related quality of life in psychiatric veterans of the iraq- iran war of the 1980s.they were out patients diagnosed with various psychiatric symptoms. the present study used a cross sectional design, ...

BACKGROUND AND METHODS In the setting of a cluster randomized study to assess impact of the Integrated Management of Neonatal and Childhood Illnesses (IMNCI) program in the district of Faridabad in India, we randomly selected auxiliary nurse midwives (ANM), anganwadi workers (AWW) and accredited social health activists (ASHA) from intervention and control areas to collect cost data using an eco...