E-waste refers to both electronic and electrical waste materials; namely any items which rely on an electric current or electromagnetic fields in order to operate, and contain a hard-drive or significant electronic components and/or a printed circuit board. E-waste is outstripping the general growth of the municipal waste stream. Increasingly, smaller and cheaper electronic items are being disp...

Pressure on public finances has increased scrutiny of public support for innovation. We examine two particular issues. First, there have been many recent calls for the (relatively new) UK R&D subsidy to be extended to other “research” activities, such as software. Second, argument still rages about the efficacy of direct public spending on R&D via spending on academic research councils, univers...

This paper describes a two-year study conducted in 24 English councils to evaluate the implementation of the Framework for the Assessment of Children in Need and their Families. The Framework promotes a holistic, multi-agency approach towards the assessment of children in need. The study was carried out in two phases. Phase one explored how councils implemented the Framework and accompanying as...

Why do the poor make shortsighted choices in decisions that involve delayed payoffs? Foregoing immediate rewards for larger, later rewards requires that decision makers (i) believe future payoffs will occur and (ii) are not forced to take the immediate reward out of financial need. Low-income individuals may be both less likely to believe future payoffs will occur and less able to forego immedi...

A large number of food policy councils (FPCs) exist in the United States, Canada, and Tribal Nations (N = 278), yet there are no tools designed to measure their members' perceptions of organizational capacity, social capital, and council effectiveness. Without such tools, it is challenging to determine best practices for FPCs and to measure change within and across councils over time. This stud...

in a unitary state, the decentralization consists to give the legal personality of the public law to the parts of the territory (village, city, province and region) will be liberally administrate. therefore, the authorities of these units (the members of the councils) are elected by the people and they have their administration, attributions, budget and employees. in this paper, we examine the ...

The Korean local autonomy system has a unique feature in that it grants councils, mayors, and governors the right to submit bills. Because of Korea’s extensive experience with authoritarianism, relative legislative productivity assembly respect head group—that is, person who initiative—has become an evaluation criterion for activities councils Korea. In this study, we address question why indiv...

The purpose of this article is to express what I call a “conciliar concern” regarding Jc Beall’s recently proposed contradictory Christology. By mean concern that likely be shared by all Christians—be they Catholic, Orthodox, or Protestant—who are committed the early ecumenical councils. Formulated as an argument, this: if Christology correct, then councils were misguided. But (conciliar Christ...

The reforming of the university system in Russian Empire second half 19th century also affected activity University Councils. main documents that reflected functioning these institutions are protocols their meetings. This article analyzes source potential surviving Council Imperial Kharkiv University. research this complex allows us not only to clarify specific facts from history higher educati...