Product security techniques, in particular those targeting counterfeit goods, are under increased focus due to proliferation of supply and distribution chains across the world. Counterfeit goods are not restricted to specific product categories but pose problems across the board. In addition to loss of revenue, the usefulness of the product, functionality and safety are undermined by counterfei...

The present stage of development the world economy is characterized by a spread innovation, rapid global and national protection systems and, especially, intellectual property. dynamism interstate relations accompanied an increase various violations property rights, including counterfeiting, falsification, piracy, plagiarism. purpose study to generalize trends in violation identify main problem...

Introduction.........................................................................................668 I. The Elements of a Trade Dispute: Title III of the Bioterrorism Act and the Basic Obligations under the WTO Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures .............................................................674 A. Title III: Protecting the Safety and Security ...

Drug counterfeiting has become a problem of immense magnitude worldwide which has aroused a significant level of attention among researchers, managers and policy makers. The counterfeit drug industry is estimated to be worth $200 billion a year [1] and has been defined as the “The crime of the 21st century” (ACG Report 2003), present in almost every industry with Asia appearing to be the single...

The counterfeiting of electronic components has become a major challenge in the 21st century. The electronic component supply chain has been greatly affected by widespread counterfeit incidents. A specialized service of testing, detection, and avoidance must be created to tackle the worldwide outbreak of counterfeit integrated circuits (ICs). So far, there are standards and programs in place fo...

labonté et al provide an insightful analysis of the trans-pacific partnership (tpp) and its impact on a selection of important health determinants. their work confirms concerns raised by previous analyses of leaked drafts and offers governments serious and timely reasons to carefully consider provisions of the agreement prior to moving forward with ratification. it also contributes more general...

Watermarking schemes for authentication purposes are characterized by three factors namely security, resolution of tamper localization, and embedding distortion. Since the requirements of high security, high localization resolution, and low distortion cannot be fulfilled simultaneously, the relative importance of a particular factor is application-dependent. Moreover, block-wise dependence is r...

P erhaps the most fundamental question in monetary economics pertains to the role of the government in providing money. A widely held view among economists is that the supply of media of exchange is an activity that should not be left to the private sector. Indeed, even Milton Friedman, who in most respects has viewed the economic role of the government quite narrowly, argues in Friedman (1960)...