Central precocious puberty (CPP) is caused by premature activation of hypothalamic gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. Kisspeptin and G-protein coupled receptor-54 system is the essential gatekeeper of the reproductive system, playing a key role in the activation of the gonadotropic axis at puberty. We aimed to determine whether serum kisspeptin may function as a marker for CPP by ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Vascular calcification is prevalent in clinical states characterized by low-grade chronic inflammation, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD). Calciprotein particles (CPP) are calcium phosphate-containing nano-aggregates, which have been found in the blood of CKD patients and appear pro-inflammatory in vitro. The interplay of CPPs and inflammatory cytokines with regard to the...

An unbiased conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm was used to evaluate the reward effects of endogenous mu-opioid receptor ligands endomorphin-1 (EM-1) and endomorphin-2 (EM-2) from the mesolimbic posterior nucleus accumbens (Acb) shell and the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in CD rats. EM-1 (1.6-8.1 nmol) microinjected into posterior Acb shell produced CPP, whereas EM-2 (8.7-17.5 nmol) giv...

In conformant probabilistic planning (CPP), we are given a set of actions with stochastic effects, a distribution over initial states, a goal condition, and a value 0 < p ≤ 1. Our task is to find a plan π such that the probability that the goal condition holds following the execution of π in the initial state is at least p. In this paper we focus on the problem of CPP with deterministic actions...

introduction: nitric oxide (no) is a neuronal messenger molecule in the central nervous system, which is generated from l-arginine by nitric oxide synthase (nos) and involves in many important opioid-induced effects. our previous studies revealed that cuminum cyminum interestingly reduces morphine sensitization, tolerance and dependency in male mice. therefore, in the present study, the effect ...

objectives: this study aimed to assess the effect of applying casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (cpp-acp) paste, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride (cpp-acpf) paste and sodium fluoride gel on surface microhardness of enamel after microabrasion. materials and methods: thirty freshly extracted human premolars were selected. all samples were subjected to har...

A casein phosphopeptide (CPP) was prepared from beta-casein of cow's milk and the effect of this peptide on the absorption of calcium from a ligated segment of rat small intestine was investigated. CPP injected into a ligated loop of rat small intestine enhanced absorption of calcium from the loop and augmented the deposition of calcium in the femur. Furthermore, CPP inhibited the precipitation...

OBJECTIVES To describe referred pain patterns provoked from intra-pelvic structures in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP) persisting after childbirth with the purpose to improve diagnostics and give implications for treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this descriptive and comparative study 36 parous women with CPP were recruited from a physiotherapy department waiting list and by advertisem...