Indonesia is an agricultural country with abundant natural resources. has enormous potential for plantation development to realize people's welfare. Especially in Langkat District as the third largest area North Sumatera. Seventy percent of consists oil palm plantations. Therefore, management plantations must have principles sovereignty, sustainability, efficiency. The operation line mandate an...

The consequence of the pandemic caused by COVID-19 was introduction social restrictions, which led to an increase in number users networks, as well their activity on Internet. involvement citizens digital environment has changed targets criminal efforts criminals. public’s fear coronavirus subjected exploitation, new forms and methods theft appeared, a result, spectrum crime shifted use informa...

In cases of suspected child sexual abuse (CSA) some professionals routinely recommend multiple interviews by the same interviewer because any additional details provided might improve decision-making and increase perpetrator convictions. We analyzed alternative policies about child interviewing to estimate the probability that a policy of all children receiving multiple interviews will increase...

This paper examines the response of voters to candidates who have reported that they have criminal charges against them, within the framework of a simple analytical model which assumes that criminal charges give rise to some stigma amongst the electorate, and result in a negative effect on vote shares. Campaigning, the cost of which is borne from candidates’ wealth, helps a candidate to increas...

The two goals of this study were to describe the criminal trajectories of the Toronto sample on the dimensions of rate, type, versatility, and severity and to estimate distinct (latent) trajectory groups using current techniques of group-based trajectory analysis. The sample comprised 378 Canadian male offenders whose criminal trajectories was tracked for an average of 12.1 years (SD = 3.0), fr...

The metaphorical use of the term ‘perfect storm’ has been applied to the conditions that led to a decrease in the level of incarceration for children in England and Wales in the 1980s. The three main factors seen as contributing to this reduction were; the prevailing economic conditions that exposed the spiralling cost of incarceration, a pragmatic political administration that became receptive...

Most criminal justice scholars agree that the past three decades have witnessed a punitive shift in criminal justice policy, public opinion, and political rhetoric. Have these political trends also left their mark on policy approaches to due process rights? The provision of counsel to indigent defendants is a signature issue in debates over due process rights. The Supreme Court expanded dramati...

Two reform movements transformed American criminal law in the quarter century that began in the late 1960s. Their origins and effects were starkly different, and their conflict meant that, on core choices about the basis for criminal liability, one movement had to win and the other had to lose. The first movement was the wave of criminal code reform inspired by the American Law Institute’s Mode...