Introduction Microcirculatory alterations have been correlated with poorer outcomes in different populations of critically ill patients. A controlled increase in the local skin temperature (thermal challenge) induces vasodilation, which may represent a measure of microcirculation recruitability and can be easily evaluated non-invasively using skin laser Doppler (SLD) (1). We previously demonstr...

[1] In this study we compare nearly 5 years of solar wind proton speed and temperature measurements from the Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) to derive an improved expected temperature formula to identify interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs). Anomalously low proton temperatures have long been associated with ICMEs. When transi...

β-YbAlB4 is the first Yb-based heavy fermion superconductor with Tc = 80 mK. We measured low temperature magnetization of high-purity single crystals down to T = 25 mK. The measurements have revealed a considerable amount of volume fractions of the superconductivity and the upper critical field Bc2 curve under field along the c axis, consistent with the previous results. In the normal state, th...

A stack with a small critical temperature gradient is desirable for a standing wave thermoacoustic engine to obtain a low onset temperature difference (the minimum temperature difference to start engine’s self-oscillation). The viscous and heat relaxation loss in the stack determines the critical temperature gradient. In this work, a dimensionless critical temperature gradient factor is obtaine...

Although H2O has been the topic of considerable research since the beginning of the century, the peculiar physical properties are still not well understood. We discuss recent experiments and simulations relating to the hypothesis that, in addition to the known critical point in water, there exists a “second” critical point at low temperatures. In particular, we discuss very recent measurements ...

1. In a seasonal environment, subcutaneous energy reserves of resident animals often increase in winter and decline again in summer reflecting gradual seasonal changes in their fattening strategies. We studied changes in body reserves of wintering great tits in relation to their dominance status under two contrasting temperature regimes to see whether individuals are capable of optimizing their...

Membranes containing a wide variety of ternary mixtures of high chain-melting temperature lipids, low chain-melting temperature lipids, and cholesterol undergo lateral phase separation into coexisting liquid phases at a miscibility transition. When membranes are prepared from a ternary lipid mixture at a critical composition, they pass through a miscibility critical point at the transition temp...

Spin-polarized atomic hydrogen (H$) at densities less than or of order 1019 cm -3 is a weakly interacting Bose gas. 1 To stabilize the ato~ns against recombination into molecules requires a strong magnetic field. In practice the magnetic field is nonuniform and serves to confine the gas. 2'3 It is of interest, therefore, to study theoretically the behavior of a weakly interacting Bose gas in an...

Although H2O has been the topic of considerable research since the beginning of the century, the peculiar physical properties are still not well understood. First we discuss some of the anomalies of this `complex fluid'. Then we describe a qualitative interpretation in terms of percolation concepts. Finally, we discuss recent experiments and simulations relating to the hypothesis that, in addit...