When Pope Pius IX defined the dogma of Immaculate Conception Virgin Mary in 1854, he ended a theological debate on this question centuries long. The well­-known Medieval Franciscan thinker John Duns Scotus offered one most important contributions to defend Mary. Because universality Christ’s redemptive work and original sin, opposite opinion prevailed among theologians during his life. ...

The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze contributions made development critical thinking in educational field. Therefore, examination corresponds a systematic review design basic research. information collected using bibliographic search documents different reliable databases. Twenty articles were selected. From documentary review, it has been determined that most prevalent investi...

one of the significant issues in ir is that of inter – state conflict and cooperation. various schools such as realism and liberalism have endeavored to theoretically explain it. in so doing, this article seeks to outline the views offered by a constructivist thinker, alexander wendt. he treats ir as a socially constructed discipline. this article argues that although wendt has managed to advan...

This analytical study is dedicated to notable Russian philosopher in exile and theoretical pedagogue of culture Sergei Iosifovich Gessen (1887-1950), who a somewhat forgotten personality Czech pedagogy today. It aims elaborate on those Hessen's ideas which are at the heart his concept university as an institution, can provide important frame reference for criticism today’s instrumental approach...

This special issue is dedicated to the late Annette Karmiloff-Smith, a passionate and far-sighted thinker and scientist whose ground-breaking work helped give the nascent field of developmental cognitive neuroscience onto solid, theoretical grounding. Annette's life and work has had true impact, and touched and inspired many. Annette was a pioneer, an inspiration and a wonderful role model, and...

Professor David Berry, Dean of the Medical School, introduced Professor Raoul Tubiana of Faculte de Medicine, Cochin-Port Royal, Paris. Professor Berry, in his introduction, said that he had met Mr. Pridie many years ago when he had helped provide an implant for a hip joint. He also outlined many of the attributes of Mr. Pridie who above all was an original thinker and an innovator. He then int...

In the not so distant past, organs from hepatitis C infected donors were either discarded or rarely transplanted into HCV viremic recipients - but never allocated to non-infected patients. However, the simplicity, ease and unprecedented success rates of HCV direct acting antiviral regimens has raised the possibility of utilizing such organs in an attempt to expand the donor pool. The thinker tr...