Sering ditemukan keluhan pada beberapa pasien mengenai gusi yang berwarna kehitaman, walaupun tidak merokok, dan ini sangat menganggu penampilan. Hiperpigmentasi gingiva dapat menjadi masalah individu, seperti bagian labial nampak saat tertawa atau berbicara, terutama dengan gummy smile. Depigmentasi dihilangkan tindakan electrosurgery, bedah periodontal, ablasi laser. Studi kasus bertujuan unt...

the development and widespread use of a prophylactic vaccine significantly reduced the incidence of poliomyelitis. at present we more commonly encounter with poliomyelitis sequelae especially in developing countries. we evaluate the results of a modified innominate osteotomy for leg length discrepancy in poliomyelitis. instead of triangular bone graft as in salter’s innominate osteotomy , a tra...

Crown lengthening surgery is a common periodontal procedure carried out to increase the amount of tooth exposure for aesthetic or restorative purposes. It crucial clinicians understand effect crown on tissues prevent relapse over treatment. Even though various clinical parameters have been used by researchers in past quantify suprastructure exposed, use digital technology has not widely adopted...