Cryogenic, high-resolution X-ray detectors have potential applications in industrial .X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis. We discuss various XRF analysis techniques currently used in the semiconductor industry, problems encountered clue to limitations of current detectors and the potential benefits of using cryogen ic detectors in these applications. We give examples of demonstration experiments...

Cryogenic fluid flows including liquid nitrogen and superfluid helium are a rich environment for novel scientific discovery. Flows can be measured optically and dynamically when faithful tracer particles are dispersed in the liquid. We present a reliable technique for dispersing commercially available fluorescent nanoparticles into cryogenic fluids using ultrasound. Five types of fluorescent na...

In some experiments and applications there is need for large-area photosensitive detectors to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Nowadays, vacuum PMs are usually used for this purpose. We have developed special designs of planar photosensitive gaseous detectors able to operate at cryogenic temperatures. Such detectors are much cheaper than PMs and are almost insensitive to magnetic fields. Resu...

We have been developing low power cryogenic readout electronics for space borne large format far-infrared image sensors. As the circuit elements, a fully-depleted-silicon-on-insulator (FD-SOI) CMOS process was adopted because they keep good static performance even at 4.2 K where where various anomalous behaviors are seen for other types of CMOS transistors. We have designed and fabricated sever...

Cryogenic machining is considered as the most sustainable alternative to conventional flood-cooled, near-dry and dry machining approaches in machining processes. This paper presents the application of a sustainability evaluation methodology for manufacturing processes, focusing on cryogenic machining processes. The methodology used here involves a metrics-based Process Sustainability Index (Pro...

This paper studied the cutting properties of Ti-6Al-4V under cryogenic cooling to find a solution of improvement in tool load-carrying, thermal stress, tool life and finish quality. Firstly, this paper established a 3-D cutting model of Ti-6Al-4V under cryogenic cooling with liquid nitrogen, and then set the parameters of material, friction model and cutting conditions. Based on this model, the...

The cryogenic cavitation has critical implications on the performance and safety of liquid rocket engines. In this study, a systematic investigation based on the surrogate modeling techniques is conducted to assess and improve the performance of a transport-based cryogenic cavitation model. Based on the surrogate model, global sensitivity analysis is be conducted to assess the role of model par...

This work describes the optimization of cryogenic treatment (CT) parameters such as the cooling rate, the soaking temperature, the soaking time, the tempering temperature and the tempering time to maximise the tool wear of high speed steel tools in dry turning of AISI 316 grade austenitic stainless steels by Taguchi method. For this purpose, four iteration of Taguchi design (L16) have been used...

In this paper effect of cryogenic treatment on mechanical properties of cold work tool steels at various combination of heat treatment cycle (process sequence) are studied. The material selected for these processes are AISI D2 and D3.Cryogenic treatment is commonly referred as cryotreatment, is an add-on process to the conventional heat treatment of tool steel. Cryogenic treatment improves hard...

Accurate values of the thermal conductivity and specific heat of deuterium are necessary to make high quality cryogenic laser fusion targets. Due to the difficulty of measuring these values at cryogenic temperatures, the “3ω” method is used. This involves passing an oscillating current through a platinum wire embedded in deuterium and measuring the third-harmonic voltage that results from the t...