191 Surgical cricothyroidotomy is considered a critical skill in emergency airway management, though it is rarely used and fraught with complications. A variety of approaches are taught, including both the standard and rapid four-step techniques. We report a case in which an air medical crew used a gum-elastic bougie (endotracheal tube introducer), a common device in many airway kits, to facili...

A 50-year-old woman had a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tube placed after surgery for pharyngeal cancer. After 21 months, the PEG tube was removed due to improvement of per-oral ingestion. She had taken prednisolone for 31 years for systemic lupus erythematosus. The post-PEG fistula did not close spontaneously. The cause of the fistula was slow wound healing and gastrostomy site inf...

Recent elucidation of the expression and function of developmental genes in different animal groups has made it possible to determine the molecular developmental mechanisms underlying the evolution of various animal body plans. Among numerous evolutionary developmental processes, we have been focusing on the evolution of chordate body plans (Satoh and Jeffery, 1995; Satoh, 1995; Yasuo et al., 1...

Currently only 32 species of limno-terrestrial tardigrades have been reported in the literature for Colombia. Our study focused on both heterotardigrades and eutardigrades, which were extracted from eight samples of bryophytes and lichens collected in a sub-Andean forest transect in the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Fourteen species were found, six of which are new records for Colombi...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) remains a frequent and severe complication in endotracheally intubated patients. Strict adherence to preventive measures reduces the risk of VAP. The objective of this paper is to review what has come forward in recent years in the nonpharmacological prevention of VAP. RECENT FINDINGS It seems advantageous to implement care bundles rathe...

Abstract Background Submental intubation is an airway management technique wherein endotracheal tube guided through incisions in the floor of mouth and submental skin after normal orotracheal intubation. Case presentation A 20‐year‐old man with a history pharyngeal flap construction for cleft palate was planned orthognathic surgery. Preoperative nasopharyngoscopy showed that space lateral to to...

Scenario #1 A 60-year-old male found unresponsive for roughly 10 hours at his home was brought to the emergency department. A head computer tomography (CT) revealed an ischemic stroke affecting the right middle cerebral artery. He was subsequently admitted to the neurology service and underwent a swallow study, which revealed pharyngeal motor dysfunction and a delay in swallow initiation leadin...

Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) is a widely used method for tube feeding with enteral nutrition. Both PEG's insertion and PEG's removal are usually easy and uncomplicated. The latter can be, however, of substantial difficulty in children with distorted anatomy, such as pharyngeal stenosis or endured craniofacial trauma, when regular endoscopy is contraindicated. The aim of the study w...

A 72-year-old gentleman presented to the hospital with progressively worsening dysphagia to soft foods and liquids. He was diagnosed with severe pharyngeal dysphagia by modified barium swallow. A CT scan of the neck with IV contrast showed anterior flowing of bridging osteophytes from C3-C6, indicative of DISH, resulting in esophageal impingement. He underwent resection of the DISH segments. Fo...