as the canon is shaped by white male standards rewriting the canonical works of literature is one of the ways through which postcolonial writers subvert the authority of the masters. writing in the language of the masters the colonized writers use the very suppressive tool in the hands of the masters i.e. their language to question the validity of their norms. regarded by most critics to be the...

the application of a comprehensive model of communicative language ability (cla) to language teaching and testing has always been an imperative in l2 education since hymess proposal of communicative competence in the 1970s. recent l2 research has clearly underscored the importance of sufficient pragmatics representation as an essential component of cla in pedagogical and testing practices in l2...

abstract nowadaysphotovoltaic solar cells (pvs) areacknowledged the fastest growing energy technology in the word, however, they only account for only fraction of current global renewable energy capacity. it isrecognized that this incomplete market penetration has been largely a result of the technology’sexcessive cost. so researchers are trying to find innovative, economic way with theaim of ...

An integral feature of urban development is economic and symbolic value which has been brought by cultural industries. A city, especially its historical center, acts as a set of cultural resources that provide creative arena for cultural production and consumption, competing fields with each other, increasing city attractions for potential investment and improving interaction with local communi...

type text or a website address or translate a document. abstract liquidity is considered the most important aspect of the development of stock markets. the main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the quality of financial information provided to replace its financial statements nmvdh and shrkt hayy that the liquidity of the shares on the tehran stock exchange is between the ...

Peoples’ participation in watershed development projects, in addition to reducing operating costs, can lead to more effective project implementation. Various factors causes the lack of public participation in watershed development projects. The purpose of this study was to identify, classify and prioritize these factors based on local people as well as experts viewpoints in Niarij watershed of ...

Introduction Today tourism industry is as an important source of income in the world and yet effective factors which are contributing  to the cultural exchange countries has the largest movement of people in peace time and one of the most promising development activities that are referred to as the gate of development. Tourism is a complex and contradictory phenomenon. It’s a bene...