Parallel computer architectures and applications are analysed qualitatively on a technical, cultural and innovation level. This leads to a new kind of taxonomy of computer architectures. The other feature of this approach is also to view the content of the "science of parallel computing" from a more philosophical basis. The controversial debate about processor communication methods appears obso...

This paper explores the issues that influence the diffusion of innovation as it relates to the adoption of e-commerce by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). It seeks to identify factors facilitating and inhibiting such adoption across contexts – regional, small city and large city. This analysis is cross cultural so the impact of differing economic and cultural issues also will be identified i...

Many museums are committed to market orientation as the underlying philosophy for their strategies. This orientation has to be coordinated with a service orientation focused on quality and custody in order to fulfill the museum’s mission. In the current work, the authors analyze the different impact of market orientation and service orientation on organizational and technological innovations im...

The innovation system is perceived as an ensemble of resources committed to interrelated innovation activities. The question arising is how the innovation system becomes one (a system), i.e., what are the mechanisms that govern the alignment of resources and activities in innovative directions. A system dynamics framework of analysis is presented where alignment stems from institutional arrange...

Innovation is widely recognized as central to the sucess of most companies. This paper investigates the advantages and disadvantages of the innovation process on Brazilian Small and medium enterprises (SME ́s) of the electronic sector. We used a case study and applied a detailed questionnaire. Among the principal disadvantages, we highlight a poor laboratories infrastructure and troubles for obt...

Technology (i.e. tools, methods of cultivation and domestication, systems of construction and appropriation, machines) has increased the vital rates of humans, and is one of the defining features of the transition from Malthusian ecological stagnation to a potentially perpetual rising population growth. Maladaptations, on the other hand, encompass behaviours, customs and practices that decrease...

Evidence for interactions between populations plays a prominent role in the reconstruction of historical and prehistoric human dynamics; these interactions are usually interpreted to reflect cultural practices or demographic processes. The sharp increase in long-distance transportation of lithic material between the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic, for example, is seen as a manifestation of the c...

In this paper, we explore how experimental studies of cultural transmission in adult humans can address general questions regarding the 'who, what, when and how' of human cultural transmission, and consequently inform a theory of human cultural evolution. Three methods are discussed. The transmission chain method, in which information is passed along linear chains of participants, has been used...

This paper presents a teaching innovation that has proved successful in stimulating the in-class participation of Asian students. The innovation consists of using written communication as an additional tool to clarify material and to promote discussions. Although this innovation has been introduced in too few classes to draw a general conclusion, its results suggest that Asian students are will...

The CIVIC EPISTEMOLOGIES project investigates citizen science and crowdsourcing in the domain of the research in Digital Cultural Heritage and Humanities (DCHH). The ultimate aim is to produce a validated Roadmap indicating the suggested direction that the deployment of services and infrastructures should take, in order to support the participation of citizens in the research processes and the ...