In this paper, Integer Programming based methodology is presented for the optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) that minimizes the cost of installation and provide the entire power system observability. The concepts of zero injection buses are used in this paper for further reduction in number of PMUs. Integer Programming may produce multiple results if neighboring buses to zero in...

The selection of alternate foot placement is based on visual inputs and the prediction of future foot placement combined with a set of internal rules that are guided by three determinants: minimum foot displacement, stability, and maintenance of forward progression. These three determinants are weighted differently, depending on different constraints. The first purpose of this review is to defi...

Placement of a nasogastric enteral access device (NG-EAD), often referred to as a nasogastric tube, is common practice and largely in the domain of nursing care. Most often an NG-EAD is placed at the bedside without radiographic assistance. Correct initial placement and ongoing location verification are the primary challenges surrounding NG-EAD use and have implications for patient safety. Alth...

Plausible personal events envisioned as occurring in the near future tend to be reported as more vivid than those set in the far future. Why is this? The present set of three experiments identified one's familiarity with the location in which the event is placed as critical in this regard. Specifically, Experiment 1 demonstrated that amongst a wide range of phenomenological characteristics, cla...

This paper presents a methodology using Gravitational Search Algorithm for optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in order to achieve complete observability of the power system. The objective of proposed algorithm is to minimize the total number of PMUs at the power system buses, which in turn minimize installation cost of the PMUs. In this algorithm, the searcher agents are colle...

Data redundancy is crucial for the success of state estimation (SE): for achievement of good and reliable estimates, for efficient processing bad data. The paper presents the review of the methods for measurement placement design assuring adequate data redundancy levels for state estimation. For each of the considered methods, the made assumptions, utilized approach, principles and features are...

MOTIVATION Foot placement and its variability can serve as indicators of mobility and walking ability as a function of age, injury, and disease in humans. Inertial measurement units (IMU) can potentially quantify foot motion without need for laboratorybased motion capture equipment, and for relatively long bouts of walking during daily living. One limitation is that integration of IMU data is s...

the harmonic in distribution systems becomes an important problem due to an increase in nonlinear loads. this paper presents a new approach based on a graph algorithm for optimum placement of passive harmonic filters in a multi-bus system, which suffers from harmonic current sources. the objective of this paper is to minimize the network loss, the cost of the filter and the total harmonic disto...