At present the world is experiencing an extraordinary rate of urbanization. India is also in a major phase of urbanization. Almost all Indian cities have grown up beyond their limits. Thus, the ecological footprint, which is the ‘area of wilderness of both land and sea needed to supply resources to a human population and needed to assimilate human waste’ of these cities is at the warning stage....

The present study characterized renewal of sucrose-seeking behavior in rats (Experiment 1). The role of the dopamine subtype-2 (D(2)) receptors in mediating renewal of sucrose-seeking behavior also was examined (Experiment 2). Rats were trained to respond for sucrose pellets (45mg each) on a fixed-ratio 25 (Experiments 1 and 2) schedule of reinforcement in Context A. Following acquisition, rats...

This article explores the failure of urban renewal in Bombay city during the ®rst quarter of the twentieth century. It shows how colonial rule structured a class-driven process of uneven urban `improvements' that actually exacerbated the problems of congestion, bad housing and environmental blight. In this process, the new forces of modernity were selectively appropriated to accentuate the diff...

This paper studies a renewal reward process with fuzzy random interarrival times and rewards under the >-independence associated with any continuous Archimedean t-norm >. The interarrival times and rewards of the renewal reward process are assumed to be positive fuzzy random variables whose fuzzy realizations are >-independent fuzzy variables. Under these conditions, some limit theorems in mean...

this study was aimed to assess the causes of the structural decline in the renewal rate of apristine oak forest close to rome (central italy) by analyzing long-term measurements of the water budget in open and fenced areas. despite dry climate conditions in the area, long-term soil moisture measurements at 100 cm soil depth indicated that an enough large amount of water is available to oaks dur...

Ecologically Sustainable Development in Australia can be described as going beyond the protection of the environment from the impacts of pollution, to protecting and conserving natural resources. In an urban environmental context this means urban development (both greenfield development and urban renewal) that seeks to have no long term effects on various aspects of the environment related to a...

background: when the lesson plan is performed correctly in the classroom, the value of this program and the time spent for it are exactly clarified. the aim of this study is to survey the coordination of theoretical lessons teaching for the   students of dentistry in the ninth term in comparison with the lesson plans presented in 1388.      methods: a copy of all lesson plans offered in the nin...

â  the aim of this study was to investigate the postgraduate students' views regarding their current and desired participation in curriculum development and compare their views with the curriculum experts' opinions. this study is a descriptive-analytical and both qualities and quantitative methods were used/ the population consisted of two groups. the first group consists of all curri...

The renewal of Pavlovian-conditioned responses may provide a model for the relapse of fear following extinction-based treatments for anxiety disorders. Renewal can be observed if conditional stimulus (CS) and unconditional stimulus (US) pairings are given in one context, extinction trials of CS presentations in a second context, prior to test trials of CS presentations in the original acquisiti...