introduction bladder cancer is the most common malignancy in elderly people and most bladder cancers are transitional cell carcinomas (tcc). bladder pathology is usually investigated visually by cystoscopy and this technique can represent different conditions ranging from simple inflammation to flat cis. however, biopsies must be taken from the suspected area to obtain diagnostic information. t...

this study aims to develop seismic fragility curves for a typical pile-supported wharf. fragility curve is one of the popular tools in seismic performance evaluation of a structure. the software flac2d was used to simulate the seismic performance of the wharf structure. using eight time history records, occurred in past, as seismic loading, incremental dynamic analysis (ida) was applied for sei...

General remarks about these documents: These are lecture notes. Let us reflect separately on the meaning of both words. The first word is meant to indicate some correspondence between what is said in the lectures and what appears in these notes. This correspondence is not precise: on the one hand, in response to a question or a comment, I may say things in class which do not make it into these ...

In order to derive the offset curves by using cubic Bézier curves with a linear field of normal vectors (the so-called LN Bézier curves) more efficiently, three methods for approximating degree n Bézier curves by cubic LN Bézier curves are considered, which includes two traditional methods and one new method based on Hausdorff distance. The approximation based on shifting control points is equi...

In this note we review a simple criterion, due to Ekedahl, for superspecial curves defined over finite fields.Using this we generalize and give some simple proofs for some well-known superspecial curves.

Modifying stress-strain curves is one of the important topics in mechanical engineering and materials science. Real stress-strain curves should be modified after necking point as stress becomes three-dimensional after creation of throat, and consequently, equivalent stress should be used instead of axial one. Also, distribution of triple stresses across throat section is not uniform anymore, an...

Here we consider degenerations of stable spin curves for a fixed smoothing of a non-stable curve: we are able to give enumerative results and a description of limits of stable spin curves. We give a geometrically meaningful definition of spin curves over non-stable curves.

This paper presents a simple and robust method for computing the bisector of two planar rational curves. We represent the correspondence between the foot points on two planar rational curves C1(t) and C2(r) as an implicit curve F(t; r) = 0, where F(t; r) is a bivariate polynomial B-spline function. Given two rational curves of degree m in the xy-plane, the curve F(t; r) = 0 has degree 4m 2, whi...