PURPOSE To investigate changes of crystalline lens position during accommodation in children with emmetropia, myopia, and hyperopia. METHODS A total of 188 children (372 eyes) from 4 to 19 years old (mean age 11.3+/-4.43) with cycloplegic refractive error within a range +9.00 D to -9.00 D were enrolled. After a general ophthalmic examination, ultrasound biometry was performed, with the eye at...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether bifocal and prismatic bifocal spectacles could control myopia in children with high rates of myopic progression. METHODS This was a randomized controlled clinical trial. One hundred thirty-five (73 girls and 62 boys) myopic Chinese Canadian children (myopia of > or =1.00 diopters [D]) with myopic progression of at least 0.50 D in the preceding year were randomly...

PURPOSE Our previous study, Atropine for the Treatment of Myopia 1 (ATOM1), showed that atropine 1% eyedrops were effective in controlling myopic progression but with visual side effects resulting from cycloplegia and mydriasis. The aim of this study was to compare efficacy and visual side effects of 3 lower doses of atropine: 0.5%, 0.1%, and 0.01%. DESIGN Single-center, double-masked, random...

PURPOSE The aim of the present meta-analysis is to compare the efficacy of cyclopentolate and tropicamide in controlling accommodation during refraction. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, Science direct and Ovid databases by the key words: "tropicamide"; "cyclopentolate"; "cycloplegia" and "cycloplegic" from inception to April 2016. Methodological qual...

Aim: We aimed to evaluate the relationship between subjective and objective refractive error measurement difference myopia progression in this study.
 Material Method: Children 6-18 year-old at beginning of follow-up period having who were followed up regularly every six months for a total least 36 included study. All children underwent detailed ophthalmologic examination. An autorefractor...

PURPOSE To compare the cost and effectiveness of three cycloplegic agents among Nigerian children. METHODS Two hundred thirty-three children aged 4 to 15 years attending outpatient eye clinics in Nigeria were randomized to (1) 1% cyclopentolate, (2) 1% cyclopentolate and 0.5% tropicamide, or (3) 1% atropine drops in each eye (instilled at home over 3 days). Ten children were lost to follow-up...

Purpose: To evaluate. long term efficacy, safety and stability of PRK for low and moderate myopia. Methods: 110 patients were treated for myopia up to 6D with the Summit Excimed excimer laser. The optical zone was 5mm in all cases. Manifest t&action. refraction under cycloplegla, comenl haze and comeal topography werc studied at D15, 1. 3, 6. 12. and 24 months after the surgery. Results: 110 pa...

We seek unbiased methods for estimating the target vergence required to maximize visual acuity based on wavefront aberration measurements. Experiments were designed to minimize the impact of confounding factors that have hampered previous research. Objective wavefront refractions and subjective acuity refractions were obtained for the same monochromatic wavelength. Accommodation and pupil fluct...

PURPOSE To describe monochromatic optical aberrations of the eye as a function of age. METHODS One hundred fourteen subjects with a spherical equivalent within +/-3.50 D from emmetropia, corrected visual acuity of 20/40 or better, and normal findings in an ophthalmic examination were enrolled. The mean age was 43.2 +/- 24.5 years (range, 5.7-82.3). Monochromatic optical aberrations were measu...

PURPOSE To characterize refractive errors in Paraguayan children aged 5-16 years and investigate effect of age, gender, and ethnicity. METHODS The study was conducted at 3 schools that catered to Mennonite, indigenous, and mixed race children. Children were examined for presenting visual acuity, autorefraction with and without cycloplegia, and retinoscopy. Data were analyzed for myopia and hy...