Multipole expansions depend on the coordinate system, so that coefficients of multipole moments can be set equal to zero by an appropriate choice of coordinates. Therefore, it is meaningless to say that a physical system has a nonvanishing quadrupole moment, say, without specifying which coordinate system is used. (Except if this moment is the lowest non-vanishing one.) This result is demonstra...

We review Maxwell’s multipole vectors, and elucidate some of their mathematical properties, with emphasis on the application of this tool to the cosmic microwave background (CMB). In particular, for a completely random function on the sphere (corresponding to the statistically isotropic Gaussian model of the CMB), we derive the full probability density function of the multipole vectors. This fu...

In this paper, we have analyzed the image acquisition of the Cylindrical Surrounding Double-Gate (CSDG) MOSFETs for the purpose of RF switch for the advanced wireless telecommunication systems. The proposed model will emphasize on the basics structure of the single image sensor for two dimensional images of a three dimension devices, so that we can obtained a satisfied or say smooth device stru...

Recent experiments on vesicles formed from block copolymers with liquid-crystalline side chains reveal a rich variety of vesicle morphologies. The additional internal order ("structure") developed by these self-assembled block copolymer vesicles can lead to significantly deformed vesicles as a result of the delicate interplay between two-dimensional ordering and vesicle shape. The inevitable to...

The handedness or chirality of molecules, organisms, and elementary particles has been widely appreciated, vindicating Pasteur’s perceptive generalization, “L‘univers est dissymktrique.” Ambidexterity is rare not only in biological organisms but also in molecules. One of the most striking chiral features in biopolymers is the twist or handedness of the helices that are frequently formed. Cylind...

A study is made of the excitation of electromagnetic waves by spatially bounded, arbitrary sources in the presence of a cylindrical guiding structure immersed in an infinitely extended, homogeneous gyrotropic medium whose permittivity and permeability are both describable by tensors with nonzero off-diagonal elements. The axis of symmetry of the considered cylindrical structure is assumed to co...

The interaction between a metamaterial cylindrical structure and an incident plane wave is investigated. The structure is comprised of two cylinders, one embedded into the other, whose effective characteristics vary with the operating frequency following similar laws. Such a model can be used to describe periodic structures, constituting metamaterials, with slightly different features. The well...

Cylindrical packed beds of spheres are found in many industrial and practical applications where heat mass transfer fluid flow occur. A proper understanding the porous structure is imperative for analysis design performance beds. The porosity bed particular radial variation interest. When positions sizes known, areas intersections between selected cylindrical planes can be used to obtain porosi...

It is demonstrated that a Bragg waveguide consisting of a series of dielectric layers may form an excellent optical acceleration structure. Confinement of the accelerating fields is achieved, for both planar and cylindrical configurations by adjusting the first dielectric layer width. A typical structure made of silica and zirconia may support gradients of the order of 1 GV/m with an interactio...