Establishing human habitation on the Moon or Mars requires development of a palette interconnected reaction chemistries to transform their native soils into structural metals, fuels, propellants, and load-bearing forms. This article outlines key research needs relevant fundamental chemistry in situ resource utilization.

It has long been known that the microbial component of terrestrial ecosystems provides capacity for nutrient and elemental cycling other key ecosystem services. Advances in DNA sequencing technology analytical continue to reveal novel insights into structure dynamics these ecosystems. These have led an increasing appreciation importance species associate with multicellular organisms, including ...

Spacecraft-associated spores and four non-spore-forming bacterial isolates were prepared in Atacama Desert soil suspensions and tested both in solution and in a desiccated state to elucidate the shadowing effect of soil particulates on bacterial survival under simulated Martian atmospheric and UV irradiation conditions. All non-spore-forming cells that were prepared in nutrient-depleted, 0.2-mi...

The subject of ttis chapter is the function and operation of the components of a gamma-ray spectroscopy system. In Chapter 3 it was shown that the output pulse amplitude from most gamma-ray detectors is proportional to the energy deposited by the gamma ray. The pulse-height spectrum from such a detector contains a series of full-energy peaks superimposed on a continuous Compton background. Alth...

After the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear accident of 2011, interest regarding radiation safety in everyday life has increased considerably. This study investigates general public’s current level awareness six warning pictograms regard to medical and natural utilized under ISO 7010, as per Korea industrial regulations. Namely, it tests whether survey respondents can recognize related according their ...

In considering the possibility of the existence of Extraterrestrial Intelligence, an independent means of verifying eyewitness accounts of flying saucers and alien beings on Earth is proposed. The approach would be an archaeological one whereby various archaeological surveying and excavation techniques would be used to examine an alleged landing or crash site of an extraterrestrial craft. The a...

I first argue that the extraterrestrials we will find will not communicate, for the simple reason that they would likely be either immensely inferior or immensely superior to us. Then, I argue that the discovery of extraterrestrials will be slow, like other previous major scientific discoveries. I introduce a multidimensional model to assess and to prepare the impact of discovering extraterrest...

Precise knowledge ofthe amount of global solar radiation plays an important role in designing solar energy systems. In this study, by using 22-year meteorologicaldata, 19 empirical models were tested for prediction of the monthly mean daily global solar radiation in Tabriz. In addition, various Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models were designed for comparison with empirical models. For this p...