purpose there is a decrease in quadriceps muscle strength in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. various types of strengthening exercises of the quadriceps are done as part of its management, but the effect of isotonic eccentric quadriceps muscle exercises on patellofemoral pain syndrome has not been studied. hence the aim of this exploratory pilot study was to evaluate the effect of ec...

to the editor; tramadol, a synthetic opioid is mainly used to treat acute and chronic pain. although this drug is not an over-the-counter medication, it has been illicitly accessible to and abused by opium addicts (1-3). studies showed excessive and widespread use of tramadol in iran (1-4). tramadol may cause constipation, drowsiness, tachycardia and respiratory distress, while the most severe ...

To cite: Tsujimoto N, Saraya T, Shimoda M, et al. BMJ Case Rep Published online: [please include Day Month Year] doi:10.1136/ bcr-2014-204691 DESCRIPTION A 62-year-old previously healthy woman was referred to the orthopaedic department because of bilateral thigh pain accompanied by palpable subcutaneous nodules in both thighs. The extremity coronal MRI with fat-suppressed T2-weighted images sho...

it has been reported that cither lithium or verapamil can potentiate the neuromuscular blocking activity of certain neuromuscular blockers. in the present investigation, possible interaction of verapamil with lithium has been described. the dose ■ response effects of verapamil and lithium on diaphragmatic contractility were assessed in vitro. mechanical responses of the muscle to indirect (nerv...

background and objectives: sarcopenia is explained as age-related reduction in muscle mass and performance. some of the most important risk factors for sarcopenia include age, malnutrition, and sedentary life style. the aim of this study was to investigate the association of food intake and physical activity with body composition, muscle strength and muscle function in post-menopausal women. ma...

purpose : to evaluate the results of anterior and nasal transposition (ant) of the inferior oblique muscle (io) in patients with the io muscle overaction methods : this retrospective case series included patients with io muscles overaction, in whom ant of the io muscle was performed. in patient with simultaneous horizontal deviation, horizontal strabismus surgery was also performed. they were e...

a bstract  background: pregnancy may be accompanied by serious physiological and psychological changes as it is a stressful period in a woman’s life. so, this study was conducted to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation on pregnant women’s general health.   materials and methods: in this clinical trial, 60 primigravida women admitted to the prenatal clinic of selected hospitals ...