As part of our ongoing research into the clear daytime sky's visible structure, we analyze over 1,500 skylight spectra measured during a seven-month period in Granada, Spain. We use spectral radiances measured within 3 degrees fields of view (FOV's) to define colorimetric characteristics along four sky meridians: the solar meridian and three meridians at azimuths of 45 degrees, 90 degrees, and ...

Trans Fat formations of palm olein, currently the most common edible oil in the world, during different oxidation conditions resulted from prolonged thermal treatments were elucidated. When palm olein was heated at 180 C and exposed to air and daylight up to 16 days, trans fat increased from 0.22% to 0.36% in the first 5 days of heat treatment and then fluctuated around a value of 0.33%. Under...

The research reported here was funded, in part, by the California Institute for Energy Efficiency (CIEE), a research unit of the University of California. Publication of research results does not imply CIEE endorsement of or agreement with these findings, nor that of any CIEE sponsor. This work was also supported by the Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Office of B...

The expectation that non-cooperators will be punished can help to sustain cooperation, but there are competing claims about whether opportunities to engage in higher-order punishment (punishing punishment or failure to punish) help or undermine cooperation in social dilemmas. Varying treatments of a voluntary contributions experiment, we find that availability of higher-order punishment opportu...

This paper describes the development of a technique for extrapolation of dynamic daylighting simulations from a limited number of high dynamic range photographs. This technique allows us to photographically capture and measure per-pixel lighting quantities from existing spaces in a limited time frame; and the measured information is used to establish a statistics based daylight coefficient mode...

The study demonstrated that during the period of milking, the duration of the daylight had a significant effect on the lactation parameters in ewes lambed in January and June. Marked differences were noted in the levels of milk production in sheep, during the period of shortening daylight, i.e. in autumn, as the sheep lambed in June produced 50% less milk than ewes lambed in January. The dwindl...