BACKGROUND Soccer is among the most popular youth sports with over 3 million youth players registered in the U.S. Soccer is unique in that players intentionally use their head to strike the ball, leading to concerns that heading could cause acute or chronic brain injury, especially in the immature brains of children. METHODS Pub Med search without date restriction was conducted in November 20...

How do we determine where we are heading during visually controlled locomotion? Psychophysical research has shown that humans are quite good at judging their travel direction, or heading, from retinal optic flow. Here we show that retinal optic flow is sufficient, but not necessary, for determining heading. By using a purely cyclopean stimulus (random dot cinematogram), we demonstrate heading p...

Human heading perception based on optic flow is not only accurate, it is also remarkably robust and stable. These qualities are especially apparent when observers move through environments containing other moving objects, which introduce optic flow that is inconsistent with observer self-motion and therefore uninformative about heading direction. Moving objects may also occupy large portions of...

This article illustrates preparation of ASME paper using LATEX2ε . An abstract for an ASME paper should be less than 150 words and is normally in italics. NOMENCLATURE A You may include nomenclature here. α There are two arguments for each entry of the nomemclature environment, the symbol and the definition. The spacing between abstract and the text heading is two line spaces. The primary text ...

This article illustrates preparation of ASME paper using LATEX2ε. An abstract for an ASME paper should be less than 150 words and is normally in italics. NOMENCLATURE A You may include nomenclature here. α There are two arguments for each entry of the nomemclature environment, the symbol and the definition. The spacing between abstract and the text heading is two line spaces. The primary text h...

line to/cal/3/7c//bb/cno/5/cal//cno/sn64/4/cno//bad/dar/3/kl/6/sabalan was received from icarda under international winter wheat improvement in 1999-2000 cropping season. based on its favorable agronomic characteristics, it was selected for further evaluations in advanced and elite yield trials in main research stations of dryland agricultural research institute (dari) and on farm yield trials ...

Rice flowering is controlled by changes in the photoperiod that promote the transition to the reproductive phase as days become shorter. Natural genetic variation for flowering time has been largely documented and has been instrumental to define the genetics of the photoperiodic pathway, as well as providing valuable material for artificial selection of varieties better adapted to local environ...

Many forms of locomotion rely on the ability to accurately perceive one's direction of locomotion (i.e., heading) based on optic flow. Although accurate in rigid environments, heading judgments may be biased when independently moving objects are present. The aim of this study was to systematically investigate the conditions in which moving objects influence heading perception, with a focus on t...

Wayfinding is of vital importance if visually impaired pedestrians are to walk by themselves from one place to another, since they must calculate both their orientation and position. Here, a new haptic direction indicator is proposed, which will help blind pedestrians to avoid hazardous areas intuitively and safely by means of haptic navigation. A novel translational force perception method, ca...

genetic  diversity  is  the  basis  of  the  natural  evolution  of  plant  breeding  and  biological  system  are  important  components  of  sustainability. the aim of this study was to evaluate 116 genotypes of triticum turgidum from seven countries in terms of morphological traits. the results showed that high significant differences among the genotypes. the correlation between grain yield ...