the aim of this paper is to design a fractional order sliding mode controllers (fosmc)for a class of dc-dc converters such as boost and buck converters. firstly, the control lawis designed with respect to the properties of fractional calculus, the design yields an equiv-alent control term with an addition of discontinuous (attractive) control law. secondly, themathematical proof of the stabilit...

Dendritic cells (DC) play a pivotal role in the initiation of T-cell-mediated immune responses, making them an attractive cellular adjuvant for use in cancer vaccines. The interaction of T cells with DC is crucial for directing T cell differentiation towards the Th1, Th2 or Th17 type, and several factors determining the direction of the T cell polarization. IL-12 plays a central role in the imm...

A HBC derivative bearing six branched, space-demanding, alkyl side chains containing ether linkages has been synthesized and its thermotropic properties were investigated by polarization optical microscopy (POM) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). To our surprise, this molecule can respond to electric fields, and the influences of alternating current (AC) and directing current (DC) ele...

A new synchronous rectifier (SR) driving method is proposed using primary current sensing in this paper. Because the magnetizing current of transformer is included in primary winding of transformer, it can’t be used to generate the driving signals of SRs directly. A current compensating winding in current transformer is used to cancel out the magnetizing current and generate suitable driving si...

This paper presents an approach for teaching and learning dc-dc converter design using MathCAD. MathCAD provides advantages that greatly improve teaching and learning process especially when long and complicated design equations are involved such as those found in dc-dc converters. A design example using Excel is presented and then compared with the same example using MathCAD. Experience learne...

In this paper, a new in-package high efficiency voltage down converter (VDC) is presented. Usually, quality factor of inductors is the main problem for generating high efficiency DC-DC Converters. In order to mitigate this problem, Bonding Wires with a new form are exploited in which four mutual inductions of bonding wire are used to increase the total inductance. This technique provides a high...

the 17-4ph alloy is a martensitic stainless steel with 3–5 wt% cu, strengthened by the precipitation hardening. due to excellent mechanical properties, corrosion resistance and ease of heat treatment, this alloy has unique applications in nuclear power plants and marine constructions. in this paper, the influence of ageing heat treatment, solution annealing followed by ageing at 480, 550 and 62...