High-temperature charging and discharging by deep borehole heat exchanger is typical of a large exchange temperature difference transient strong flux. Simulation this problem not only computationally expensive, but it also challenging in terms robustness stability for numerical methods. This paper formulates generic efficient transfer model with two distinctive novelties: Firstly, highlights un...

To run a high conversion reactor with Pu-Th fuelled tight fuelled assembly, which has a long burn-up of a fuel, the reactor should be sited deep underground. By putting the reactor deep underground heat can be removed passively not only during a steady-state run and also in an emergency case of loss of coolant and loss of on-site power; hence the safety of the reactor can be much improved. Also...

A vertical geothermal probe consists of two or four polyethylene tubes U-shaped, used for circulating the coolant between the heat pump and the ground. It is installed in a deep borehole and sealed in a special grout, a kind of liquid cement, used to seal the borehole, and avoid the presence of air bags between the probe and the ground. Moreover, the grout provides a heat transfer medium betwee...

[1] The glacial cycles of the Pleistocene involve changes in the circulation of the deep ocean in important ways. This review seeks to establish what were the robust patterns of deep-sea water mass changes and how they might have influenced important parts of the last glacial cycle. After a brief review of how tracers in the modern ocean can be used to understand the distribution of water masse...

Selective growth of Ge,Si, _ x on Si is demonstrated for the first time using a pulsed laser induced epitaxy technique, combined with either standard oxide or liftoff patterning processes. Two different dimensions of Ge,,12Si0.88/Si lateral wells are formed, 3.5 pm wide by 1700 A deep, and 6 pm wide by 1300 A deep. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersiv...

A ‘‘biased twin’’ experiment using two coupled general circulation models (CGCMs) that are biased with respect to each other is used to study the impact of deep ocean bias on ensemble ocean data assimilation. The ‘‘observations’’ drawn fromoneCGCMbased on theArgo network are assimilated into the other. Traditional ensemble filtering can successfully recover the upper-ocean temperature and salin...

An intermediate-complexity climate model is used to simulate the impact of an accelerated Pine Island Glacier mass loss on the large-scale ocean circulation and climate. Simulations are performed for preindustrial conditions using hosing levels consistent with present-day observations of 3000m s, at an accelerated rate of 6000m s, and at a total collapse rate of 100 000m s, and in all experimen...

The four most recent large mass extinction events in the Phanerozoic – the Cretaceous–Tertiary (KT), the Triassic–Jurassic (TJ), and the Permo-Triassic (PT) and Guadalupian–Tatarian (GT) doublet – are associated with a major flood basalt eruption, with the timing of peak volcanic activity corresponding within measurement uncertainties to the extinction event. Three magnetic superchrons precede ...

Two 3 month old infants sleeping under different thermal conditions were found to maintain similar deep body temperatures. Thermographic imaging suggested that though the uncovered head is the main source of heat transfer, other parts of the body such as the hands may be used when necessary.

Ocean Drilling Program and Deep Sea Drilling Project downhole data from three areas, the southwestern Japan Nankai margin, the continental slope off Peru, and the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge, provide temperature calibrations for bottom simulating reflectors (BSR) that mark the base of a clathrate hydrate stability field. The inferred temperatures at BSRs provide an important reference for the mapp...