Based on a hydrogenic state and strain changes upon defect charging, we propose a simple, parameter-free model that agrees well with the observed group III and V monovalent-impurity ionization energies in Si, revealing the importance of such strain effects. Changes in lattice strain upon defect charging are obtained via superposition and elasticity theory using atomic relaxations from density f...

Prisoner’s dilemma has been heavily studied. In classical model, each player chooses to either ”Cooperate” or ”Defect”. In this paper, we generalize the prisoner’s dilemma with a new alternative which is neither defect or cooperation. The classical model is the special case under the condition that the third state is not taken into consideration.

parotid stafne bone defect is a very rare and infrequent variant, which is located on the buccal or lingual surface of the mandibular ascending ramus. in this paper, a case of parotid stafne defect, which was incidentally discovered during dental radiographic examination, is reported. this bone defect was observed as a lucent oval-shaped defect on the lingual aspect of the right mandibular ramu...

We study a one-dimensional anisotropic exclusion model describing particles moving deterministically on a ring with a single defect across which they move with probability 0 < q < 1. We show that the stationary state of this model can be represented as a matrix-product state.

background & importance: iniencephaly is a rare cranio-cervical deformity. it belongs to neural tube defects. this disorder is characterized by a retroflexion of head, a very short neck, varying degrees of incomplete posterior closure of vertebrae and cervical and thoracic spinal synostosis. this malformation is associated with central nervous system and systemic malformations. most of patients...

Quantum-mechanical calculations are performed to investigate the structural, electronic, and infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopic features of one of the most common radiation-induced defects in diamond: the "dumb-bell" 〈100〉 split self-interstitial. A periodic super-cell approach is used in combination with all-electron basis sets and hybrid functionals of density-functional-theory (DFT), whic...

This paper presents theory and simulation of flowinduced structures, useful to the creation of synthetic material structures and to the biomimetics of natural fibers. We present a multiscale theory and simulation of hydrodynamic texture formation to provide fundamental principles for control and optimization of structures in liquid crystal polymers. In thermotropic flow-aligning nematic polymer...

Point defects in high-purity GaN layers grown by hydride vapor phase epitaxy are studied by steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). The electron-capture coefficients for defects responsible for the dominant defect-related PL bands in this material are found. The capture coefficients for all the defects, except for the green luminescence (GL1) band, are independent of temperature....

Isolated point defects possessing a high spin ground state and below-band-gap excitation may play a key role in realizing solid state quantum bits in semiconductors which are the basic building blocks of quantum computers. The silicon vacancy in silicon carbide provides these features, making it a feasible candidate in this special and emerging field of science. However, the exact nature of the...