introduction: bioterrorism is a worldwide problem and has been the focus of attention during recent decades. there is no precise information on the knowledge, attitude, and preparedness of iranian red crescent volunteers in dealing with bioterrorism. therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the above-mentioned parameters in mahabad red crescent society volunteers. methods: in this prospec...

The kinematic patterns of defense turning behavior in freely behaving specimens of the crayfish Procambarus clarkii were investigated with the aid of a video-analysis system. Movements of the body and all pereiopods, except the chelipeds, were analyzed. Because this behavior approximates to a rotation in place, this analysis extends previous studies on straight and curve walking in crustaceans....

genetic parameters were estimated in a base and closed population of iranian honeybee colonies. data were obtained on 500-700 iranian native population of honey­bee colonies (honeybee breeding project in central region of iran) subject to 9 successive generation of selection. these populations had been selected for honey production, swarming behavior, and defense behavior. heritability of honey...

Email viruses constitute one of the major Internet security problems. In this paper we present an email virus model that accounts for the behaviors of email users, such as email checking frequency and the probability of opening an email attachment. Email viruses spread over a logical network defined by email address books. The topology of email network plays an important role in determining the...

As of 2021, the European Union (EU) is now a foundational part Europe’s defense architecture, with programmes such as PESCO enabling EU to organise civil-military responses crise and coordinate defense-planning cycles 25 countries. This article asks why member states have opted use enable their capabilities manage ongoing security crises? In answering this question, uses pluralistic reading, ut...

The role of the central nervous system in the host response to infection and inflammation and modulation of these responses by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system are well established. In animals, activation of host defense mechanisms increases non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep amount and intensity, which, in turn, are thought to support host defense, or the body's ability to defend its...