A partial pre-rusted wire beam electrode (WBE) was designed to study the influence of rust layer on rebar corrosion in carbonated simulated concrete pore solution (SCPS). The results show that passive film generated steel area is more fragile than formed fine polished carbonaceous media. Nevertheless, pitting resulting from presence chloride ions still tends occur surface due local acidificatio...

As Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is increasingly employed for assessing the condition of bridge decks, quantifying and controlling the quality of GPR data becomes an important challenge. This paper uses a methodology to assess the accuracy of deck condition measures, and demonstrates the methodology in a case study involving real data. The latter are generated during GPR applications on a larg...

Strengthening of the existing seismically deficient reinforced concrete (RC) buildings is an important issue in earthquake prone regions. Addition of RC shear wall as infill or external walls into the structural system has been a commonly preferred strengthening technique since the Big Erzincan Earthquake occurred in Turkey, 1992. The newly added rigid infill walls act primarily as shear walls ...

Rock bolting has firmly used as the coal mine roof reinforcement in underground coal mine. The bolting effect of fully grouted rebar bolt is closely related to the bolt surface profile. This paper provides an experimental study to confirm that bolt rib internal length has great influence on bolting effect. Pull-out tests were conducted using rebar bolt with different rib spacings of 12, 24, 36 ...

The unexplained collapse of honeybee (Apis mellifera) colonies across the world continues to fascinate both the scientific and mainstream media alike. This is mainly due to the worldwide importance of honeybees in ecological and commercial sectors. We recently reported how the ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, altered the viral landscape in the Hawaiian archipelago by decreasing the viral ...

The ecto-parasitic mite Varroa destructor has transformed the previously inconsequential Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) into the most important honey bee viral pathogen responsible for the death of millions of colonies worldwide. Naturally, DWV persists as a low level covert infection transmitted between nest-mates. It has long been speculated that Varroa via immunosuppression of the bees, activate ...

European honey bees (Apis mellifera) are critically important to global food production by virtue of their pollination services but are severely threatened by deformed wing virus (DWV) especially in the presence of the external parasite Varroa destructor. DWV exists as many viral strains with the two major variants (DWV-A and DWV-B) varying in virulence. A single plasmid standard was constructe...

We transform the oscillator algebra with κ-deformed multiplication rule, proposed in [1, 2], into the oscillator algebra with κ-deformed flip operator and standard multiplication. We recall that the κ-multiplication of the κ-oscillators puts them off-shell. We study the explicit forms of modified mass-shell conditions in both formulations: with κ-multiplication and with κ-flip operation. On the...

On the basis of the non-commutative q-calculus, we investigate a q-deformation of the classical Poisson bracket in order to formulate a generalized q-deformed dynamics in the classical regime. The obtained q-deformed Poisson bracket appears invariant under the action of the q-symplectic group of transformations. In this framework we introduce the q-deformed Hamilton’s equations and we derive th...