Vertical conduit tapering is proposed as an effective mechanism to almost eliminate the increase in hydraulic resistance with increased height. Despite this potential role, very little is known about its changes during ontogeny. Here, conduit tapering and stem morphology of young/small and old/tall individuals of Acer pseudoplatanus in the field, as well as 3-yr-old grafted trees from both age ...

The exact distance p-power of a graph G, denoted G[#p], is on vertex set V(G) in which two vertices are adjacent if they at exactly p G. Given integers k and p, we define f(k, p) to be the maximum possible order clique p-powers graphs with degree + 1. It easily observed that 2) ≤ k2 We prove equality may only hold connected component G isomorphic member class Pk incidence finite projective k-ge...