Following an increased emphasis on watershed management by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in the 1990s, the Kentucky Division of Water (KDOW) developed and implemented a watershed-management framework process for the state of Kentucky in 1997. The Kentucky Water Resources Research Institute (KWWRI) coordinated the first implementation of the framework process in the Kentucky Riv...

Environmental monitoring in ecological and hydrological watershed-scale research is an important and promising area of application for wireless sensor networks. This paper presents a system design of IPv6 wireless sensor network (IPv6WSN) in Heihe river watershed in Gansu province of China to assist ecological and hydrological scientists collecting field scientific data in an extremely harsh en...

One of the major factors contributing to surface water contamination in agricultural areas is the use of pesticides. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) is a hydrologic model capable of simulating the fate and transport of pesticides in an agricultural watershed. The SWAT model was used in this study to estimate stream flow and atrazine (2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazi...

A semi-distributed watershed model was developed that conceptualizes the catchment as a cascade of nonlinear storage elements whose geometric dimensions are derived from the Horton±Strahler ordering of the stream network. Each storage element represents quick storm runo€ over land or in a channel segment. The physically based groundwater submodel is parameterized through the application of the ...

Hydrological models are used to represent the rainfallrunoff and pollutant transport mechanisms within watersheds. Accurate representation of these dynamic and complex natural processes within a watershed is an important step in managing and protecting a watershed Artificial neural network (ANN) models are often used in hydrologic modeling. Typical ANN models are trained to use lumped data. How...

The total maximum daily load ~TMDL! concept provides the basis for regulating pollution load from riverine sources to impaired water bodies. However, load is comprised of two components: flow and concentration. These two components may have confounding, or even conflicting, effects on waterbody attributes of concern. This is particularly the case for dynamic, advective systems, such as estuarie...

Sustainable water resource management requires dams operations that provide environmental flow to support the downstream riverine ecosystem. However, relatively little is known about the hydrologic impact of small and medium dams in the smaller basin in China. Flow duration curve, indicators of hydrologic alteration andrange of variability approach were coupled in this study to evaluate the pre...

The microbiological quality of forest surface waters in the Greenwater River watershed was examined to investigate the influence of heavy motorized camping in an area with no sanitary facilities. Indicator densities increased during weekend human-use periods when compared to weekdays. Increases in indicator densities were also noted downstream from heavily used camping areas when compared to up...

Wireless sensor network (WSN) shows unique advantages in cold alpine area comparing with traditional in-situ monitoring approaches. This paper presents two WSN applications in cold alpine area, one in the Hulugou watershed and the other in the Babaohe watershed, both of which are situated in the upper mountainous reach of the Heihe River Basin of West China. Apart from introductions to the two ...