as there is a rapid growth both in the number of power consumers and also the limitations energy resources, it is clearly accepted that the old version of power grid must change into smart grid from head to toe. one of the most important advantages of smart grid which makes it much more exclusive rather than other typical systems is the two-way connectivity between the utility and the costumers...

The study aims to estimate an international reserves demand model for China using economic growth, propensity to import, real effective exchange rate and trade openness variables for quarterly period spanning from 1985Q1 to 2014Q4.The bounds testing technique to cointegration is used to test for a long run relationship, while the autoregressive distributed lag approach is used to estimate short...

this paper proposes a stochastic framework for demand response (dr) aggregator to procure dr from customers and sell it to purchasers in the wholesale electricity market. the aggregator assigns fixed dr contracts with customers based on three different load reduction strategies. in the presented problem the uncertainty of market price is considered and the risk of aggregator participation is ma...

Characterization and evaluation of a biological submerged filter was carried out on a full-scale pilot plant performing removal of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) from pre-treated urban wastewater. The average influent values of BOD5, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and TN were 370, 1,015 and 60 mg/L, respectively. The pilot plant produced good discharge quality during stea...

in this paper, the residential demand for electricity equation is specified and then this equation is estimated using a pooling data for period 1983-90. the results of study for different regions of province show that the demand is less elastic with respect to average price of electricity and residential area, .but it is more elastic with respect to income and average number of households. thes...