We investigate the topological insulating states of the p-band systems in optical lattices induced by the on site orbital angular momentum polarization, which exhibit gapless edge modes in the absence of Landau levels. This effect arises from the energy-level splitting between the on site p_{x}+ip_{y} and p_{x}-ip_{y} orbitals by rotating each optical lattice site around its own center. At larg...

This paper presents a design procedure for a reduced-order observer-based controller dedicated to n-joint robot manipulators. It is assumed that only the joint angular positions are measured. The joint angular velocities are estimated via an exponential reduced-order observer. Two types of control laws based on this observer are studied: point-to-point control with gravity compensation and traj...

This paper addresses the problem of the separation of rotational and internal motion. It introduces the concept of average angular velocity as the moment of inertia weighted average of particle angular velocities. It extends and elucidates the concept of Jellinek and Li (1989) of separation of the energy of overall rotation in an arbitrary (non-linear) N -particle system. It generalizes the so ...

Granular flow in a rotating tumbler is of theoretical and industrial significance. However, in spite of its relative simplicity, little is known about the dynamics of the top flowing layer. Here we present an experimental study of the velocity field within the fluidized layer of monodisperse particles in a quasi-2D ~two-dimensional! rotating tumbler in the rolling flow regime using particle tra...

OBJECTIVE To determine whether there is side to side difference of the trunk rotation muscle in Korean male professional golf players. Healthy controls who did not play golf were also evaluated and compared with professional golf players. METHOD Fifty-one professional golf players and 50 healthy controls participated in this study. Bilateral isokinetic trunk rotation strength that represented...

PURPOSE This study examined the validity of the assumption of lower-extremity kinematic parameter reproducibility and symmetry during running with different velocities and stride frequencies. METHODS Each of 12 female long-distance runners ran on a treadmill in combinations of three different velocities (2.5, 3.0, and 3.5 m.s-1) and three different stride frequencies (preferred and +/- 10% fr...

This study investigated how the human CNS organizes complex three-dimensional (3D) ball-throwing movements that require both speed and accuracy. Skilled baseball players threw a baseball to a target at three different speeds. Kinematic analysis revealed that the fingertip speed at ball release was mainly produced by trunk leftward rotation, shoulder internal rotation, elbow extension, and wrist...

Scaling effects on the kinematics of suction feeding in fish remain poorly understood, at least partly because of the inconsistency of the results of the existing experimental studies. Suction feeding is mechanically distinct from most other type of movements in that negative pressure inside the buccal cavity is thought to be the most important speed-limiting factor during suction. However, how...

Although the movement of the leg during swing phase is often compared to the unforced motion of a compound pendulum, the muscles of the leg are active during swing and presumably influence its motion. To examine the roles of muscles in determining swing phase knee flexion, we developed a muscle-actuated forward dynamic simulation of the swing phase of normal gait. Joint angles and angular veloc...

Tripping over obstacles has been reported as one of the most frequent causes of falls in the elderly. Maintenance of the body's balance and precise swing foot control is essential for successful obstacle-crossing. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the height and age effects on the center of mass (COM) and center of pressure (COP) inclination angles and angular velocities during obst...