This paper studies an arc routing problem with capacity constraints and time-dependent service costs. This problem is motivated by winter gritting applications where the ‘‘timing’’ of each intervention is crucial. The exact problem-solving approach reported here first transforms the arc routing problem into an equivalent node routing problem. Then, a column generation scheme is used to solve th...

This paper studies the multi-depot joint distribution vehicle routing problem considering energy consumption with time-dependent networks (MDJDVRP-TDN). Aiming at where travel time depends on variation characteristics of road network speed in area, influence and relationship between load fuel consumption, a optimization model is established to minimize sum fixed cost, cost window penalty cost. ...