The cone signal reaches the cat's On-beta (X) ganglion cell via several parallel circuits (bipolar cell types b1, b2, and b3). These circuits might convey different regions of the cone's temporal bandwidth. To test this, I presented a step of light that elicited a transient depolarization followed by a sustained depolarization. The contribution of bipolar cells to these response components was ...

In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms by which angiotensin II (All) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulate mesangial cell function, we examined the membrane potential change of mesangial cells and found that cells contracted and membrane potential depolarized in response to All and AVP. The depolarization was associated with decreased input resistance. Ca ionophore A23187 caused similar mesa...

Phagocytic cells generate superoxide in response to stimulation by opsonized particles. A continuous assay for opsonized zymosan-stimulated granulocyte superoxide production shows that there is a lag time between the addition of particles and the onset of detectable superoxide production. Superoxide production is preceded by membrane potential depolarization. Neither superoxide production nor m...

In an attempt to clarify the mechanisms by which angiotensin II (AII) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) regulate mesangial cell function, we examined the membrane potential change of mesangial cells and found that cells contracted and membrane potential depolarized in response to AII and AVP. The depolarization was associated with decreased input resistance. Ca ionophore A23187 caused similar mesa...

Possible systematic effects in experimental measurements of the lifetime neutron using magneto-gravitational traps to store ultracold neutrons have been discussed. Methods for online detection possible losses, including depolarization losses and a small heating stored trap, proposed.

We present wideband (1 − 6.5 GHz) polarimetric observations, obtained with the Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array, of merging galaxy cluster MACS J0717.5+3745, which hosts one most complex known radio relic and halo systems. used both rotation measure synthesis QU -fitting to find a reasonable agreement results these methods, particularly when Faraday distribution is simple depolarization mild. Th...

Retinal amacrine cells are depolarized by the excitatory synaptic input from bipolar cells. When a graded depolarization exceeds the threshold level, trains of action potentials are generated. There have been several reports that both spikes and graded depolarization are sensitive to tetrodotoxin (TTX). In the present study, we investigated the contribution of voltage-gated currents to membrane...

We present total-intensity and linear-polarization observations made with the Very Large Array at λ20 and 6 cm of a representative sample of 42 radio galaxies and quasars selected from the Molonglo Complete Sample. The sources have been chosen to be of large size to probe the depolarizing medium on these scales using our present data and later with observations at lower frequencies with the Gia...

Synaptic transmission usually depends on action potentials (APs) in an all-or-none (digital) fashion. Recent studies indicate, however, that subthreshold presynaptic depolarization may facilitate spike-evoked transmission, thus creating an analog modulation of spike-evoked synaptic transmission, also called analog-digital (AD) synaptic facilitation. Yet, the underlying mechanisms behind this fa...