Role of ethanolic extract of P. granatum seeds on central nervous system (CNS) in animal models of elevated plus maze test, barbiturate-induced sleeping time, tail suspension test, hot-plate and tail-flick test was studied. P. granatum (PG) extract was administered to young and aged mice at single doses of 100, 250 and 500 mg/kg, perorally while diazepam (1 mg/kg), morphine (5 mg/kg) and imipra...

Zingiber officinale Roscoe, commonly known as ginger, is a traditional herb used to treat various disorders. In this study, we evaluated potential pharmacological effects of ethanolic extracts of Z. Officinale with respect to central nervous system (CNS) activity in mice. Role of ethanolic extract of ginger on CNS activity in mice was studied using models of elevated plus maze test, barbiturate...

Background: Infertility is a problem for 15 to 30% couples. Male infertility may be a result of insufficient number of sperms and poor motility. Spermatozoon consists of a head,midpiece and tail. The long tail consist micro-tubules that from part of the propulsion system of the spermatozoon. Motility of sperm is the result of relation between ATP,micro-tubules and dynein. Depression is one of t...

The rapid-acting and long-lasting antidepressant effects of (R,S)-ketamine have recently gained much attention. Although (S)-ketamine has been studied as an active isomer, recent evidence suggests that (R)-ketamine exhibits longer-lasting antidepressant effects than (S)-ketamine in rodents. However, the antidepressant potential of (R)-ketamine has not been fully addressed. In the present study,...

introduction: depression has multifactorial characters including brain-behavioral disorders, alteration in cognitive psychomotor and emotional process. millions of people are worldwide suffering from this illness. this disease happens in all ages of men and women. this research tries to introduce a traditional medication in comparison with common chemical anti-depressant drugs. this experiment ...

Abstract Depression is a common psychiatric disorder that can be continuous or recurrent. It has been previously reported intestine probiotics play an essential role in the bidirectional communication of and brain. This study aims to investigate antidepressant effects kefir, probiotic supplement, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG their potentials depression-like behaviour treatment two-week four-week ...

BACKGROUND Depression is a serious psychiatric disorder that easily causes physical impairments and a high suicide rate. Monosialotetrahexosylganglioside is a crucial ganglioside for the central nervous system and has been reported to affect the function of the brain derived neurotrophic factor system. This study is aimed to evaluate whether monosialotetrahexosylganglioside has antidepressant-l...

The tachykinin neuropeptide substance P and its receptor neurokinin 1 have been implicated in the regulation of many physiological and pathological processes, including the control of emotional behaviors. The present study examines mice with a targeted deletion of the Tac1 gene, which encodes the neuropeptides substance P and neurokinin A, in animal models relevant to depressive illness and anx...

Depression is a psychiatric disorder that negatively affects how person feels, thinks, and acts. Several studies have reported positive association between vitamin D (VD) deficiency depression. Therefore, we aimed to examine the effects of intraperitoneal injection VD3, fluoxetine (antidepressant), combination VD3 + on rat model chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). A total 40 male Wistar r...

Studies indicate that perinatal opioid exposure produces a variety of short- and long-term neurobehavioral consequences. However, the precise modes of action are incompletely understood. Buprenorphine, a mixed agonist/antagonist at the opioid receptors, is currently being used in clinical trials for managing pregnant opioid addicts. This study provides evidence of depression-like consequence fo...